diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 867e1739303bdb51f46e0da25dcafc958ec060bd..76bf93237e9038e407a37eacb375dc24796d8b6d 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -833,6 +833,7 @@ hpack_table_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/hpack_table_test
 httpcli_format_request_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_format_request_test
 httpcli_parser_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_parser_test
 httpcli_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_test
+httpscli_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpscli_test
 init_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/init_test
 invalid_call_argument_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/invalid_call_argument_test
 json_rewrite: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/json_rewrite
@@ -847,6 +848,7 @@ murmur_hash_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/murmur_hash_test
 no_server_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/no_server_test
 resolve_address_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/resolve_address_test
 secure_endpoint_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/secure_endpoint_test
+server_chttp2_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/server_chttp2_test
 set_initial_connect_string_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/set_initial_connect_string_test
 sockaddr_utils_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/sockaddr_utils_test
 tcp_client_posix_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/tcp_client_posix_test
@@ -1349,10 +1351,7 @@ h2_uchannel_cancel_after_invoke_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_aft
 h2_uchannel_cancel_before_invoke_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_before_invoke_test
 h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_test
 h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test
-h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test
 h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test
-h2_uchannel_default_host_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_test
-h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test
 h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test
 h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_test
 h2_uchannel_high_initial_seqno_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_high_initial_seqno_test
@@ -1372,7 +1371,6 @@ h2_uchannel_request_with_payload_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_request_w
 h2_uchannel_server_finishes_request_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_server_finishes_request_test
 h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_test
 h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test
-h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test
 h2_uchannel_simple_request_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_test
 h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_test
 h2_uds_bad_hostname_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uds_bad_hostname_test
@@ -1705,10 +1703,7 @@ h2_uchannel_cancel_after_invoke_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_canc
 h2_uchannel_cancel_before_invoke_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_before_invoke_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test
-h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test
-h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test
-h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_high_initial_seqno_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_high_initial_seqno_nosec_test
@@ -1728,7 +1723,6 @@ h2_uchannel_request_with_payload_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_req
 h2_uchannel_server_finishes_request_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_server_finishes_request_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test
-h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test
 h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_nosec_test
 h2_uds_bad_hostname_nosec_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uds_bad_hostname_nosec_test
@@ -1977,6 +1971,7 @@ buildtests_c: privatelibs_c \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_format_request_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_parser_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_test \
+  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpscli_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/init_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/invalid_call_argument_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/json_rewrite \
@@ -1990,6 +1985,7 @@ buildtests_c: privatelibs_c \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/no_server_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/resolve_address_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/secure_endpoint_test \
+  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/server_chttp2_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/set_initial_connect_string_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/sockaddr_utils_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/tcp_client_posix_test \
@@ -2447,10 +2443,7 @@ buildtests_c: privatelibs_c \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_before_invoke_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_high_initial_seqno_test \
@@ -2470,7 +2463,6 @@ buildtests_c: privatelibs_c \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_server_finishes_request_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uds_bad_hostname_test \
@@ -2803,10 +2795,7 @@ buildtests_c: privatelibs_c \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_before_invoke_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_high_initial_seqno_nosec_test \
@@ -2826,7 +2815,6 @@ buildtests_c: privatelibs_c \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_server_finishes_request_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test \
-  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_nosec_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uds_bad_hostname_nosec_test \
@@ -3052,6 +3040,8 @@ test_c: buildtests_c
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_parser_test || ( echo test httpcli_parser_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing httpcli_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpcli_test || ( echo test httpcli_test failed ; exit 1 )
+	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing httpscli_test"
+	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpscli_test || ( echo test httpscli_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing init_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/init_test || ( echo test init_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing invalid_call_argument_test"
@@ -3076,6 +3066,8 @@ test_c: buildtests_c
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/resolve_address_test || ( echo test resolve_address_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing secure_endpoint_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/secure_endpoint_test || ( echo test secure_endpoint_test failed ; exit 1 )
+	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing server_chttp2_test"
+	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/server_chttp2_test || ( echo test server_chttp2_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing set_initial_connect_string_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/set_initial_connect_string_test || ( echo test set_initial_connect_string_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing sockaddr_utils_test"
@@ -3990,14 +3982,8 @@ test_c: buildtests_c
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_default_host_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_default_host_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_test"
@@ -4036,8 +4022,6 @@ test_c: buildtests_c
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_simple_request_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_simple_request_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_test"
@@ -4702,14 +4686,8 @@ test_c: buildtests_c
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_cancel_in_a_vacuum_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_graceful_server_shutdown_nosec_test"
@@ -4748,8 +4726,6 @@ test_c: buildtests_c
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_calls_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
-	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test"
-	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test || ( echo test h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_uchannel_trailing_metadata_nosec_test"
@@ -11006,6 +10982,35 @@ endif
 endif
 
 
+HTTPSCLI_TEST_SRC = \
+    test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.c \
+
+HTTPSCLI_TEST_OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/, $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(HTTPSCLI_TEST_SRC))))
+ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
+
+# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpscli_test: openssl_dep_error
+
+else
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpscli_test: $(HTTPSCLI_TEST_OBJS) $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
+	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
+	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
+	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(HTTPSCLI_TEST_OBJS) $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/httpscli_test
+
+endif
+
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.o:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
+deps_httpscli_test: $(HTTPSCLI_TEST_OBJS:.o=.dep)
+
+ifneq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
+ifneq ($(NO_DEPS),true)
+-include $(HTTPSCLI_TEST_OBJS:.o=.dep)
+endif
+endif
+
+
 INIT_TEST_SRC = \
     test/core/surface/init_test.c \
 
@@ -11412,6 +11417,35 @@ endif
 endif
 
 
+SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_SRC = \
+    test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.c \
+
+SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/, $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_SRC))))
+ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
+
+# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/server_chttp2_test: openssl_dep_error
+
+else
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/server_chttp2_test: $(SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_OBJS) $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
+	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
+	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
+	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_OBJS) $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/server_chttp2_test
+
+endif
+
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.o:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
+deps_server_chttp2_test: $(SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_OBJS:.o=.dep)
+
+ifneq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
+ifneq ($(NO_DEPS),true)
+-include $(SERVER_CHTTP2_TEST_OBJS:.o=.dep)
+endif
+endif
+
+
 SET_INITIAL_CONNECT_STRING_TEST_SRC = \
     test/core/client_config/set_initial_connect_string_test.c \
 
@@ -21567,24 +21601,6 @@ endif
 
 
 
-ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
-
-# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test: openssl_dep_error
-
-else
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_channel_connectivity.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_channel_connectivity.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test
-
-endif
-
-
-
-
 ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
 
 # You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
@@ -21603,42 +21619,6 @@ endif
 
 
 
-ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
-
-# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_test: openssl_dep_error
-
-else
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_default_host.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_default_host.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_test
-
-endif
-
-
-
-
-ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
-
-# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test: openssl_dep_error
-
-else
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_disappearing_server.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_disappearing_server.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test
-
-endif
-
-
-
-
 ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
 
 # You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
@@ -21981,24 +21961,6 @@ endif
 
 
 
-ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
-
-# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test: openssl_dep_error
-
-else
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_simple_delayed_request.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_test_simple_delayed_request.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_certs.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test
-
-endif
-
-
-
-
 ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
 
 # You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
@@ -25355,14 +25317,6 @@ $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONF
 
 
 
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_channel_connectivity.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_channel_connectivity.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test
-
-
-
-
 $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_compressed_payload.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
 	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
 	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
@@ -25371,22 +25325,6 @@ $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONF
 
 
 
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_default_host.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_default_host.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test
-
-
-
-
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_disappearing_server.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_disappearing_server.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test
-
-
-
-
 $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_empty_batch.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
 	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
 	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
@@ -25539,14 +25477,6 @@ $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(
 
 
 
-$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_simple_delayed_request.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
-	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
-	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
-	$(Q) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS)  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_simple_delayed_request.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LDLIBS) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test
-
-
-
-
 $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libend2end_nosec_test_simple_request.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_unsecure.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a
 	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
 	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
diff --git a/build.yaml b/build.yaml
index 2891b7e19e123be1d49017b795ada180f301822d..a67e7d0e71d836940dfe150a6509eaaa733b1a4e 100644
--- a/build.yaml
+++ b/build.yaml
@@ -1357,6 +1357,18 @@ targets:
   - mac
   - linux
   - posix
+- name: httpscli_test
+  build: test
+  language: c
+  src:
+  - test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.c
+  deps:
+  - grpc_test_util
+  - grpc
+  - gpr_test_util
+  - gpr
+  platforms:
+  - linux
 - name: init_test
   build: test
   language: c
@@ -1498,6 +1510,16 @@ targets:
   - grpc
   - gpr_test_util
   - gpr
+- name: server_chttp2_test
+  build: test
+  language: c
+  src:
+  - test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.c
+  deps:
+  - grpc_test_util
+  - grpc
+  - gpr_test_util
+  - gpr
 - name: set_initial_connect_string_test
   build: test
   language: c
diff --git a/include/grpc/support/cmdline.h b/include/grpc/support/cmdline.h
index 028dac2955c015f282785c530988f3edb6bc1574..3058cf905a96d0c7f6850e2517983eb33c8c517f 100644
--- a/include/grpc/support/cmdline.h
+++ b/include/grpc/support/cmdline.h
@@ -83,8 +83,12 @@ void gpr_cmdline_add_string(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *name, const char *help,
 void gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(
     gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *name, const char *help,
     void (*on_extra_arg)(void *user_data, const char *arg), void *user_data);
-/* Parse the command line */
-void gpr_cmdline_parse(gpr_cmdline *cl, int argc, char **argv);
+/* Enable surviving failure: default behavior is to exit the process */
+void gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(gpr_cmdline *cl);
+/* Parse the command line; returns 1 on success, on failure either dies
+   (by default) or returns 0 if gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure() has been
+   called */
+int gpr_cmdline_parse(gpr_cmdline *cl, int argc, char **argv);
 /* Destroy the parser */
 void gpr_cmdline_destroy(gpr_cmdline *cl);
 /* Get a string describing usage */
diff --git a/src/core/channel/channel_stack.c b/src/core/channel/channel_stack.c
index 7f7fbf420fb32c8003693e8374038482079dc66d..5e09a050ee86845cdfcb98c5ced49cc9379a8889 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/channel_stack.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/channel_stack.c
@@ -101,11 +101,12 @@ grpc_call_element *grpc_call_stack_element(grpc_call_stack *call_stack,
   return CALL_ELEMS_FROM_STACK(call_stack) + index;
 }
 
-void grpc_channel_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+void grpc_channel_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int initial_refs,
+                             grpc_iomgr_cb_func destroy, void *destroy_arg,
                              const grpc_channel_filter **filters,
-                             size_t filter_count, grpc_channel *master,
+                             size_t filter_count,
                              const grpc_channel_args *channel_args,
-                             grpc_channel_stack *stack) {
+                             const char *name, grpc_channel_stack *stack) {
   size_t call_size =
       ROUND_UP_TO_ALIGNMENT_SIZE(sizeof(grpc_call_stack)) +
       ROUND_UP_TO_ALIGNMENT_SIZE(filter_count * sizeof(grpc_call_element));
@@ -115,6 +116,8 @@ void grpc_channel_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   size_t i;
 
   stack->count = filter_count;
+  GRPC_STREAM_REF_INIT(&stack->refcount, initial_refs, destroy, destroy_arg,
+                       name);
   elems = CHANNEL_ELEMS_FROM_STACK(stack);
   user_data =
       ((char *)elems) +
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ void grpc_channel_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
   /* init per-filter data */
   for (i = 0; i < filter_count; i++) {
-    args.master = master;
+    args.channel_stack = stack;
     args.channel_args = channel_args;
     args.is_first = i == 0;
     args.is_last = i == (filter_count - 1);
@@ -166,15 +169,15 @@ void grpc_call_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   size_t i;
 
   call_stack->count = count;
-  gpr_ref_init(&call_stack->refcount.refs, initial_refs);
-  grpc_closure_init(&call_stack->refcount.destroy, destroy, destroy_arg);
+  GRPC_STREAM_REF_INIT(&call_stack->refcount, initial_refs, destroy,
+                       destroy_arg, "CALL_STACK");
   call_elems = CALL_ELEMS_FROM_STACK(call_stack);
   user_data = ((char *)call_elems) +
               ROUND_UP_TO_ALIGNMENT_SIZE(count * sizeof(grpc_call_element));
 
   /* init per-filter data */
   for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    args.refcount = &call_stack->refcount;
+    args.call_stack = call_stack;
     args.server_transport_data = transport_server_data;
     args.context = context;
     call_elems[i].filter = channel_elems[i].filter;
diff --git a/src/core/channel/channel_stack.h b/src/core/channel/channel_stack.h
index 1db12ead7ec3558c8821ed9391e29757341bfcff..c01050e7179aacd982e079c6d2e5c2910a8c27f9 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/channel_stack.h
+++ b/src/core/channel/channel_stack.h
@@ -51,15 +51,18 @@
 typedef struct grpc_channel_element grpc_channel_element;
 typedef struct grpc_call_element grpc_call_element;
 
+typedef struct grpc_channel_stack grpc_channel_stack;
+typedef struct grpc_call_stack grpc_call_stack;
+
 typedef struct {
-  grpc_channel *master;
+  grpc_channel_stack *channel_stack;
   const grpc_channel_args *channel_args;
   int is_first;
   int is_last;
 } grpc_channel_element_args;
 
 typedef struct {
-  grpc_stream_refcount *refcount;
+  grpc_call_stack *call_stack;
   const void *server_transport_data;
   grpc_call_context_element *context;
 } grpc_call_element_args;
@@ -144,23 +147,24 @@ struct grpc_call_element {
 
 /* A channel stack tracks a set of related filters for one channel, and
    guarantees they live within a single malloc() allocation */
-typedef struct {
+struct grpc_channel_stack {
+  grpc_stream_refcount refcount;
   size_t count;
   /* Memory required for a call stack (computed at channel stack
      initialization) */
   size_t call_stack_size;
-} grpc_channel_stack;
+};
 
 /* A call stack tracks a set of related filters for one call, and guarantees
    they live within a single malloc() allocation */
-typedef struct {
+struct grpc_call_stack {
   /* shared refcount for this channel stack.
      MUST be the first element: the underlying code calls destroy
      with the address of the refcount, but higher layers prefer to think
      about the address of the call stack itself. */
   grpc_stream_refcount refcount;
   size_t count;
-} grpc_call_stack;
+};
 
 /* Get a channel element given a channel stack and its index */
 grpc_channel_element *grpc_channel_stack_element(grpc_channel_stack *stack,
@@ -175,11 +179,11 @@ grpc_call_element *grpc_call_stack_element(grpc_call_stack *stack, size_t i);
 size_t grpc_channel_stack_size(const grpc_channel_filter **filters,
                                size_t filter_count);
 /* Initialize a channel stack given some filters */
-void grpc_channel_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+void grpc_channel_stack_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int initial_refs,
+                             grpc_iomgr_cb_func destroy, void *destroy_arg,
                              const grpc_channel_filter **filters,
-                             size_t filter_count, grpc_channel *master,
-                             const grpc_channel_args *args,
-                             grpc_channel_stack *stack);
+                             size_t filter_count, const grpc_channel_args *args,
+                             const char *name, grpc_channel_stack *stack);
 /* Destroy a channel stack */
 void grpc_channel_stack_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                 grpc_channel_stack *stack);
@@ -199,14 +203,23 @@ void grpc_call_stack_set_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                  grpc_pollset *pollset);
 
 #ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-#define grpc_call_stack_ref(call_stack, reason) \
+#define GRPC_CALL_STACK_REF(call_stack, reason) \
   grpc_stream_ref(&(call_stack)->refcount, reason)
-#define grpc_call_stack_unref(exec_ctx, call_stack, reason) \
+#define GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, call_stack, reason) \
   grpc_stream_unref(exec_ctx, &(call_stack)->refcount, reason)
+#define GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(channel_stack, reason) \
+  grpc_stream_ref(&(channel_stack)->refcount, reason)
+#define GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, channel_stack, reason) \
+  grpc_stream_unref(exec_ctx, &(channel_stack)->refcount, reason)
 #else
-#define grpc_call_stack_ref(call_stack) grpc_stream_ref(&(call_stack)->refcount)
-#define grpc_call_stack_unref(exec_ctx, call_stack) \
+#define GRPC_CALL_STACK_REF(call_stack, reason) \
+  grpc_stream_ref(&(call_stack)->refcount)
+#define GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, call_stack, reason) \
   grpc_stream_unref(exec_ctx, &(call_stack)->refcount)
+#define GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(channel_stack, reason) \
+  grpc_stream_ref(&(channel_stack)->refcount)
+#define GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, channel_stack, reason) \
+  grpc_stream_unref(exec_ctx, &(channel_stack)->refcount)
 #endif
 
 /* Destroy a call stack */
diff --git a/src/core/channel/client_channel.c b/src/core/channel/client_channel.c
index 020138bf15744fd93f00b502fc3b889f683aa70a..9f993b39d64fdb5eb27d25a52d804f650084277f 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/client_channel.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/client_channel.c
@@ -59,11 +59,6 @@ typedef struct client_channel_channel_data {
   grpc_resolver *resolver;
   /** have we started resolving this channel */
   int started_resolving;
-  /** master channel - the grpc_channel instance that ultimately owns
-      this channel_data via its channel stack.
-      We occasionally use this to bump the refcount on the master channel
-      to keep ourselves alive through an asynchronous operation. */
-  grpc_channel *master;
 
   /** mutex protecting client configuration, including all
       variables below in this data structure */
@@ -81,8 +76,10 @@ typedef struct client_channel_channel_data {
   grpc_connectivity_state_tracker state_tracker;
   /** when an lb_policy arrives, should we try to exit idle */
   int exit_idle_when_lb_policy_arrives;
-  /** pollset_set of interested parties in a new connection */
-  grpc_pollset_set pollset_set;
+  /** owning stack */
+  grpc_channel_stack *owning_stack;
+  /** interested parties */
+  grpc_pollset_set interested_parties;
 } channel_data;
 
 /** We create one watcher for each new lb_policy that is returned from a
@@ -103,9 +100,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } waiting_call;
 
 static char *cc_get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  return grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(exec_ctx, elem->call_data,
-                                              chand->master);
+  return grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(exec_ctx, elem->call_data);
 }
 
 static void cc_start_transport_stream_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -121,10 +116,18 @@ static void watch_lb_policy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, channel_data *chand,
 
 static void on_lb_policy_state_changed_locked(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, lb_policy_connectivity_watcher *w) {
+  grpc_connectivity_state publish_state = w->state;
   /* check if the notification is for a stale policy */
   if (w->lb_policy != w->chand->lb_policy) return;
 
-  grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &w->chand->state_tracker, w->state,
+  if (publish_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE &&
+      w->chand->resolver != NULL) {
+    publish_state = GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE;
+    grpc_resolver_channel_saw_error(exec_ctx, w->chand->resolver);
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, w->chand->lb_policy, "channel");
+    w->chand->lb_policy = NULL;
+  }
+  grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &w->chand->state_tracker, publish_state,
                               "lb_changed");
   if (w->state != GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE) {
     watch_lb_policy(exec_ctx, w->chand, w->lb_policy, w->state);
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ static void on_lb_policy_state_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   on_lb_policy_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, w);
   gpr_mu_unlock(&w->chand->mu_config);
 
-  GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_UNREF(exec_ctx, w->chand->master, "watch_lb_policy");
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, w->chand->owning_stack, "watch_lb_policy");
   gpr_free(w);
 }
 
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ static void watch_lb_policy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, channel_data *chand,
                             grpc_lb_policy *lb_policy,
                             grpc_connectivity_state current_state) {
   lb_policy_connectivity_watcher *w = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*w));
-  GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(chand->master, "watch_lb_policy");
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(chand->owning_stack, "watch_lb_policy");
 
   w->chand = chand;
   grpc_closure_init(&w->on_changed, on_lb_policy_state_changed, w);
@@ -179,6 +182,11 @@ static void cc_on_config_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
 
   chand->incoming_configuration = NULL;
 
+  if (lb_policy != NULL) {
+    grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset_set(exec_ctx, &lb_policy->interested_parties,
+                                     &chand->interested_parties);
+  }
+
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_config);
   old_lb_policy = chand->lb_policy;
   chand->lb_policy = lb_policy;
@@ -200,7 +208,7 @@ static void cc_on_config_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
       watch_lb_policy(exec_ctx, chand, lb_policy, state);
     }
     gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_config);
-    GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(chand->master, "resolver");
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(chand->owning_stack, "resolver");
     grpc_resolver_next(exec_ctx, resolver, &chand->incoming_configuration,
                        &chand->on_config_changed);
     GRPC_RESOLVER_UNREF(exec_ctx, resolver, "channel-next");
@@ -222,7 +230,9 @@ static void cc_on_config_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   }
 
   if (old_lb_policy != NULL) {
-    grpc_lb_policy_shutdown(exec_ctx, old_lb_policy);
+    grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(exec_ctx,
+                                     &old_lb_policy->interested_parties,
+                                     &chand->interested_parties);
     GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, old_lb_policy, "channel");
   }
 
@@ -230,13 +240,12 @@ static void cc_on_config_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
     GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, lb_policy, "config_change");
   }
 
-  GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_UNREF(exec_ctx, chand->master, "resolver");
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, chand->owning_stack, "resolver");
 }
 
 static void cc_start_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                   grpc_channel_element *elem,
                                   grpc_transport_op *op) {
-  grpc_lb_policy *lb_policy = NULL;
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
   grpc_resolver *destroy_resolver = NULL;
 
@@ -254,18 +263,15 @@ static void cc_start_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     op->connectivity_state = NULL;
   }
 
-  lb_policy = chand->lb_policy;
-  if (lb_policy) {
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(lb_policy, "broadcast");
-  }
-
   if (op->disconnect && chand->resolver != NULL) {
     grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker,
                                 GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE, "disconnect");
     destroy_resolver = chand->resolver;
     chand->resolver = NULL;
     if (chand->lb_policy != NULL) {
-      grpc_lb_policy_shutdown(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy);
+      grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(exec_ctx,
+                                       &chand->lb_policy->interested_parties,
+                                       &chand->interested_parties);
       GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy, "channel");
       chand->lb_policy = NULL;
     }
@@ -276,16 +282,11 @@ static void cc_start_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     grpc_resolver_shutdown(exec_ctx, destroy_resolver);
     GRPC_RESOLVER_UNREF(exec_ctx, destroy_resolver, "channel");
   }
-
-  if (lb_policy) {
-    grpc_lb_policy_broadcast(exec_ctx, lb_policy, op);
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, lb_policy, "broadcast");
-  }
 }
 
 typedef struct {
   grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata;
-  grpc_subchannel **subchannel;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel **connected_subchannel;
   grpc_closure *on_ready;
   grpc_call_element *elem;
   grpc_closure closure;
@@ -293,17 +294,17 @@ typedef struct {
 
 static int cc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                               grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-                              grpc_subchannel **subchannel,
+                              grpc_connected_subchannel **connected_subchannel,
                               grpc_closure *on_ready);
 
 static void continue_picking(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
   continue_picking_args *cpa = arg;
   if (!success) {
     grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, cpa->on_ready, 0);
-  } else if (cpa->subchannel == NULL) {
+  } else if (cpa->connected_subchannel == NULL) {
     /* cancelled, do nothing */
   } else if (cc_pick_subchannel(exec_ctx, cpa->elem, cpa->initial_metadata,
-                                cpa->subchannel, cpa->on_ready)) {
+                                cpa->connected_subchannel, cpa->on_ready)) {
     grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, cpa->on_ready, 1);
   }
   gpr_free(cpa);
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ static void continue_picking(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
 
 static int cc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *elemp,
                               grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-                              grpc_subchannel **subchannel,
+                              grpc_connected_subchannel **connected_subchannel,
                               grpc_closure *on_ready) {
   grpc_call_element *elem = elemp;
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
@@ -319,18 +320,19 @@ static int cc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *elemp,
   continue_picking_args *cpa;
   grpc_closure *closure;
 
-  GPR_ASSERT(subchannel);
+  GPR_ASSERT(connected_subchannel);
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_config);
   if (initial_metadata == NULL) {
     if (chand->lb_policy != NULL) {
-      grpc_lb_policy_cancel_pick(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy, subchannel);
+      grpc_lb_policy_cancel_pick(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy,
+                                 connected_subchannel);
     }
     for (closure = chand->waiting_for_config_closures.head; closure != NULL;
          closure = grpc_closure_next(closure)) {
       cpa = closure->cb_arg;
-      if (cpa->subchannel == subchannel) {
-        cpa->subchannel = NULL;
+      if (cpa->connected_subchannel == connected_subchannel) {
+        cpa->connected_subchannel = NULL;
         grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, cpa->on_ready, 0);
       }
     }
@@ -338,21 +340,22 @@ static int cc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *elemp,
     return 1;
   }
   if (chand->lb_policy != NULL) {
-    int r = grpc_lb_policy_pick(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy, calld->pollset,
-                                initial_metadata, subchannel, on_ready);
+    int r =
+        grpc_lb_policy_pick(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy, calld->pollset,
+                            initial_metadata, connected_subchannel, on_ready);
     gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_config);
     return r;
   }
   if (chand->resolver != NULL && !chand->started_resolving) {
     chand->started_resolving = 1;
-    GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(chand->master, "resolver");
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(chand->owning_stack, "resolver");
     grpc_resolver_next(exec_ctx, chand->resolver,
                        &chand->incoming_configuration,
                        &chand->on_config_changed);
   }
   cpa = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*cpa));
   cpa->initial_metadata = initial_metadata;
-  cpa->subchannel = subchannel;
+  cpa->connected_subchannel = connected_subchannel;
   cpa->on_ready = on_ready;
   cpa->elem = elem;
   grpc_closure_init(&cpa->closure, continue_picking, cpa);
@@ -364,7 +367,8 @@ static int cc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *elemp,
 /* Constructor for call_data */
 static void init_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
                            grpc_call_element_args *args) {
-  grpc_subchannel_call_holder_init(elem->call_data, cc_pick_subchannel, elem);
+  grpc_subchannel_call_holder_init(elem->call_data, cc_pick_subchannel, elem,
+                                   args->call_stack);
 }
 
 /* Destructor for call_data */
@@ -385,12 +389,12 @@ static void init_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GPR_ASSERT(elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter);
 
   gpr_mu_init(&chand->mu_config);
-  chand->master = args->master;
-  grpc_pollset_set_init(&chand->pollset_set);
   grpc_closure_init(&chand->on_config_changed, cc_on_config_changed, chand);
+  chand->owning_stack = args->channel_stack;
 
   grpc_connectivity_state_init(&chand->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
                                "client_channel");
+  grpc_pollset_set_init(&chand->interested_parties);
 }
 
 /* Destructor for channel_data */
@@ -403,10 +407,13 @@ static void destroy_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     GRPC_RESOLVER_UNREF(exec_ctx, chand->resolver, "channel");
   }
   if (chand->lb_policy != NULL) {
+    grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(exec_ctx,
+                                     &chand->lb_policy->interested_parties,
+                                     &chand->interested_parties);
     GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, chand->lb_policy, "channel");
   }
   grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker);
-  grpc_pollset_set_destroy(&chand->pollset_set);
+  grpc_pollset_set_destroy(&chand->interested_parties);
   gpr_mu_destroy(&chand->mu_config);
 }
 
@@ -435,7 +442,7 @@ void grpc_client_channel_set_resolver(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   if (!grpc_closure_list_empty(chand->waiting_for_config_closures) ||
       chand->exit_idle_when_lb_policy_arrives) {
     chand->started_resolving = 1;
-    GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(chand->master, "resolver");
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(chand->owning_stack, "resolver");
     grpc_resolver_next(exec_ctx, resolver, &chand->incoming_configuration,
                        &chand->on_config_changed);
   }
@@ -454,7 +461,7 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_client_channel_check_connectivity_state(
     } else {
       chand->exit_idle_when_lb_policy_arrives = 1;
       if (!chand->started_resolving && chand->resolver != NULL) {
-        GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(chand->master, "resolver");
+        GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(chand->owning_stack, "resolver");
         chand->started_resolving = 1;
         grpc_resolver_next(exec_ctx, chand->resolver,
                            &chand->incoming_configuration,
@@ -466,32 +473,39 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_client_channel_check_connectivity_state(
   return out;
 }
 
+typedef struct {
+  channel_data *chand;
+  grpc_pollset *pollset;
+  grpc_closure *on_complete;
+  grpc_closure my_closure;
+} external_connectivity_watcher;
+
+static void on_external_watch_complete(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                                       int iomgr_success) {
+  external_connectivity_watcher *w = arg;
+  grpc_closure *follow_up = w->on_complete;
+  grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &w->chand->interested_parties,
+                               w->pollset);
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, w->chand->owning_stack,
+                           "external_connectivity_watcher");
+  gpr_free(w);
+  follow_up->cb(exec_ctx, follow_up->cb_arg, iomgr_success);
+}
+
 void grpc_client_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem,
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     grpc_connectivity_state *state, grpc_closure *on_complete) {
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
+  external_connectivity_watcher *w = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*w));
+  w->chand = chand;
+  w->pollset = pollset;
+  w->on_complete = on_complete;
+  grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, &chand->interested_parties, pollset);
+  grpc_closure_init(&w->my_closure, on_external_watch_complete, w);
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(w->chand->owning_stack,
+                         "external_connectivity_watcher");
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_config);
   grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
-      exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker, state, on_complete);
+      exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker, state, &w->my_closure);
   gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_config);
 }
-
-grpc_pollset_set *grpc_client_channel_get_connecting_pollset_set(
-    grpc_channel_element *elem) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  return &chand->pollset_set;
-}
-
-void grpc_client_channel_add_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              grpc_channel_element *elem,
-                                              grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, &chand->pollset_set, pollset);
-}
-
-void grpc_client_channel_del_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              grpc_channel_element *elem,
-                                              grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &chand->pollset_set, pollset);
-}
diff --git a/src/core/channel/client_channel.h b/src/core/channel/client_channel.h
index 5103f07a436707f1d124058ab52d373038a9f456..d9bc4971f1ae51837b858186982e62d3f58815a3 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/client_channel.h
+++ b/src/core/channel/client_channel.h
@@ -57,17 +57,7 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_client_channel_check_connectivity_state(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, int try_to_connect);
 
 void grpc_client_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem,
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     grpc_connectivity_state *state, grpc_closure *on_complete);
 
-grpc_pollset_set *grpc_client_channel_get_connecting_pollset_set(
-    grpc_channel_element *elem);
-
-void grpc_client_channel_add_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              grpc_channel_element *channel,
-                                              grpc_pollset *pollset);
-void grpc_client_channel_del_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              grpc_channel_element *channel,
-                                              grpc_pollset *pollset);
-
 #endif /* GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_CHANNEL_CLIENT_CHANNEL_H */
diff --git a/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.c b/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.c
index 456ffb737199fe8068f1bf052ff893a02457c6d9..2c0b07d8bfc0d9b3ad033df5d9f7c6d4a90b00b7 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.c
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ typedef struct client_uchannel_channel_data {
       this channel_data via its channel stack.
       We occasionally use this to bump the refcount on the master channel
       to keep ourselves alive through an asynchronous operation. */
-  grpc_channel *master;
+  grpc_channel_stack *owning_stack;
 
   /** connectivity state being tracked */
   grpc_connectivity_state_tracker state_tracker;
 
   /** the subchannel wrapped by the microchannel */
-  grpc_subchannel *subchannel;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *connected_subchannel;
 
   /** the callback used to stay subscribed to subchannel connectivity
    * notifications */
@@ -84,15 +84,13 @@ static void monitor_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker,
                               chand->subchannel_connectivity,
                               "uchannel_monitor_subchannel");
-  grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(exec_ctx, chand->subchannel,
-                                         &chand->subchannel_connectivity,
-                                         &chand->connectivity_cb);
+  grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+      exec_ctx, chand->connected_subchannel, NULL,
+      &chand->subchannel_connectivity, &chand->connectivity_cb);
 }
 
 static char *cuc_get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  return grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(exec_ctx, elem->call_data,
-                                              chand->master);
+  return grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(exec_ctx, elem->call_data);
 }
 
 static void cuc_start_transport_stream_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -128,11 +126,11 @@ static void cuc_start_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static int cuc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-                               grpc_subchannel **subchannel,
+                               grpc_connected_subchannel **connected_subchannel,
                                grpc_closure *on_ready) {
   channel_data *chand = arg;
   GPR_ASSERT(initial_metadata != NULL);
-  *subchannel = chand->subchannel;
+  *connected_subchannel = chand->connected_subchannel;
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@ static int cuc_pick_subchannel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
 static void cuc_init_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
                                grpc_call_element_args *args) {
   grpc_subchannel_call_holder_init(elem->call_data, cuc_pick_subchannel,
-                                   elem->channel_data);
+                                   elem->channel_data, args->call_stack);
 }
 
 /* Destructor for call_data */
@@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ static void cuc_init_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_closure_init(&chand->connectivity_cb, monitor_subchannel, chand);
   GPR_ASSERT(args->is_last);
   GPR_ASSERT(elem->filter == &grpc_client_uchannel_filter);
-  chand->master = args->master;
+  chand->owning_stack = args->channel_stack;
   grpc_connectivity_state_init(&chand->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
                                "client_uchannel");
   gpr_mu_init(&chand->mu_state);
@@ -168,10 +166,14 @@ static void cuc_init_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 static void cuc_destroy_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                      grpc_channel_element *elem) {
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  grpc_subchannel_state_change_unsubscribe(exec_ctx, chand->subchannel,
-                                           &chand->connectivity_cb);
+  /* cancel subscription */
+  grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+      exec_ctx, chand->connected_subchannel, NULL, NULL,
+      &chand->connectivity_cb);
   grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker);
   gpr_mu_destroy(&chand->mu_state);
+  GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, chand->connected_subchannel,
+                                  "uchannel");
 }
 
 static void cuc_set_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
@@ -191,23 +193,14 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_client_uchannel_check_connectivity_state(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, int try_to_connect) {
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
   grpc_connectivity_state out;
-  out = grpc_connectivity_state_check(&chand->state_tracker);
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_state);
-  if (out == GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE && try_to_connect) {
-    grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &chand->state_tracker,
-                                GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING,
-                                "uchannel_connecting_changed");
-    chand->subchannel_connectivity = out;
-    grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(exec_ctx, chand->subchannel,
-                                           &chand->subchannel_connectivity,
-                                           &chand->connectivity_cb);
-  }
+  out = grpc_connectivity_state_check(&chand->state_tracker);
   gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_state);
   return out;
 }
 
 void grpc_client_uchannel_watch_connectivity_state(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem,
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     grpc_connectivity_state *state, grpc_closure *on_complete) {
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_state);
@@ -216,40 +209,11 @@ void grpc_client_uchannel_watch_connectivity_state(
   gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_state);
 }
 
-grpc_pollset_set *grpc_client_uchannel_get_connecting_pollset_set(
-    grpc_channel_element *elem) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  grpc_channel_element *parent_elem;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_state);
-  parent_elem = grpc_channel_stack_last_element(grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(
-      grpc_subchannel_get_master(chand->subchannel)));
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_state);
-  return grpc_client_channel_get_connecting_pollset_set(parent_elem);
-}
-
-void grpc_client_uchannel_add_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                               grpc_channel_element *elem,
-                                               grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  grpc_pollset_set *master_pollset_set =
-      grpc_client_uchannel_get_connecting_pollset_set(elem);
-  grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, master_pollset_set, pollset);
-}
-
-void grpc_client_uchannel_del_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                               grpc_channel_element *elem,
-                                               grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  grpc_pollset_set *master_pollset_set =
-      grpc_client_uchannel_get_connecting_pollset_set(elem);
-  grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, master_pollset_set, pollset);
-}
-
 grpc_channel *grpc_client_uchannel_create(grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
                                           grpc_channel_args *args) {
   grpc_channel *channel = NULL;
 #define MAX_FILTERS 3
   const grpc_channel_filter *filters[MAX_FILTERS];
-  grpc_channel *master = grpc_subchannel_get_master(subchannel);
-  char *target = grpc_channel_get_target(master);
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
   size_t n = 0;
 
@@ -261,19 +225,19 @@ grpc_channel *grpc_client_uchannel_create(grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
   GPR_ASSERT(n <= MAX_FILTERS);
 
   channel =
-      grpc_channel_create_from_filters(&exec_ctx, target, filters, n, args, 1);
+      grpc_channel_create_from_filters(&exec_ctx, NULL, filters, n, args, 1);
 
-  gpr_free(target);
   return channel;
 }
 
-void grpc_client_uchannel_set_subchannel(grpc_channel *uchannel,
-                                         grpc_subchannel *subchannel) {
+void grpc_client_uchannel_set_connected_subchannel(
+    grpc_channel *uchannel, grpc_connected_subchannel *connected_subchannel) {
   grpc_channel_element *elem =
       grpc_channel_stack_last_element(grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(uchannel));
   channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
   GPR_ASSERT(elem->filter == &grpc_client_uchannel_filter);
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->mu_state);
-  chand->subchannel = subchannel;
+  chand->connected_subchannel = connected_subchannel;
+  GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_REF(connected_subchannel, "uchannel");
   gpr_mu_unlock(&chand->mu_state);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.h b/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.h
index dfe6695ae3eec2dbbbbbf4f828a1214cf908dc66..92a831493cfbf7625850c3da82b930bcc72ac01e 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.h
+++ b/src/core/channel/client_uchannel.h
@@ -48,23 +48,13 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_client_uchannel_check_connectivity_state(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, int try_to_connect);
 
 void grpc_client_uchannel_watch_connectivity_state(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem,
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel_element *elem, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     grpc_connectivity_state *state, grpc_closure *on_complete);
 
-grpc_pollset_set *grpc_client_uchannel_get_connecting_pollset_set(
-    grpc_channel_element *elem);
-
-void grpc_client_uchannel_add_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                               grpc_channel_element *channel,
-                                               grpc_pollset *pollset);
-void grpc_client_uchannel_del_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                               grpc_channel_element *channel,
-                                               grpc_pollset *pollset);
-
 grpc_channel *grpc_client_uchannel_create(grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
                                           grpc_channel_args *args);
 
-void grpc_client_uchannel_set_subchannel(grpc_channel *uchannel,
-                                         grpc_subchannel *subchannel);
+void grpc_client_uchannel_set_connected_subchannel(
+    grpc_channel *uchannel, grpc_connected_subchannel *connected_subchannel);
 
 #endif /* GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_CHANNEL_CLIENT_MICROCHANNEL_H */
diff --git a/src/core/channel/compress_filter.c b/src/core/channel/compress_filter.c
index d7d1c189fe292fd022f2671d84b8d7f85d6cd9c9..cc8e19162870f00ee0b7af910a75ca409c78da85 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/compress_filter.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/compress_filter.c
@@ -288,8 +288,7 @@ static void init_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 /* Destructor for channel data */
 static void destroy_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                 grpc_channel_element *elem) {
-}
+                                 grpc_channel_element *elem) {}
 
 const grpc_channel_filter grpc_compress_filter = {
     compress_start_transport_stream_op, grpc_channel_next_op, sizeof(call_data),
diff --git a/src/core/channel/connected_channel.c b/src/core/channel/connected_channel.c
index 0e1efd965ab0e25af1620eb21950641d002df237..e8eb9dcfc5cb2f78953ab04bf875366f8b389d91 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/connected_channel.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/connected_channel.c
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ static void init_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
   int r;
 
   GPR_ASSERT(elem->filter == &grpc_connected_channel_filter);
-  r = grpc_transport_init_stream(exec_ctx, chand->transport,
-                                 TRANSPORT_STREAM_FROM_CALL_DATA(calld),
-                                 args->refcount, args->server_transport_data);
+  r = grpc_transport_init_stream(
+      exec_ctx, chand->transport, TRANSPORT_STREAM_FROM_CALL_DATA(calld),
+      &args->call_stack->refcount, args->server_transport_data);
   GPR_ASSERT(r == 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/channel/http_server_filter.c b/src/core/channel/http_server_filter.c
index bc3a56cbf027b17fad7ea5dda8e5a9c2b368f7a7..ae8660da92c3af3f6fe803708693553a4bed61f6 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/http_server_filter.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/http_server_filter.c
@@ -224,8 +224,7 @@ static void init_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 /* Destructor for channel data */
 static void destroy_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                 grpc_channel_element *elem) {
-}
+                                 grpc_channel_element *elem) {}
 
 const grpc_channel_filter grpc_http_server_filter = {
     hs_start_transport_op, grpc_channel_next_op, sizeof(call_data),
diff --git a/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.c b/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.c
index 72517145191e371d65a6b311fff12fe36eb88cc0..f5da41f3cd8374e7b0ac166a0073264ccdf0fbe9 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.c
+++ b/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.c
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 
 static void subchannel_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *holder,
                              int success);
-static void call_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *holder, int success);
 static void retry_ops(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *retry_ops_args,
                       int success);
 
@@ -58,16 +57,17 @@ static void retry_waiting_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 void grpc_subchannel_call_holder_init(
     grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder,
     grpc_subchannel_call_holder_pick_subchannel pick_subchannel,
-    void *pick_subchannel_arg) {
+    void *pick_subchannel_arg, grpc_call_stack *owning_call) {
   gpr_atm_rel_store(&holder->subchannel_call, 0);
   holder->pick_subchannel = pick_subchannel;
   holder->pick_subchannel_arg = pick_subchannel_arg;
   gpr_mu_init(&holder->mu);
-  holder->subchannel = NULL;
+  holder->connected_subchannel = NULL;
   holder->waiting_ops = NULL;
   holder->waiting_ops_count = 0;
   holder->waiting_ops_capacity = 0;
   holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
+  holder->owning_call = owning_call;
 }
 
 void grpc_subchannel_call_holder_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -125,13 +125,9 @@ retry:
         case GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING:
           fail_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
           break;
-        case GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_CREATING_CALL:
-          grpc_subchannel_cancel_create_call(exec_ctx, holder->subchannel,
-                                             &holder->subchannel_call);
-          break;
         case GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_PICKING_SUBCHANNEL:
           holder->pick_subchannel(exec_ctx, holder->pick_subchannel_arg, NULL,
-                                  &holder->subchannel, NULL);
+                                  &holder->connected_subchannel, NULL);
           break;
       }
       gpr_mu_unlock(&holder->mu);
@@ -142,28 +138,27 @@ retry:
   }
   /* if we don't have a subchannel, try to get one */
   if (holder->creation_phase == GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING &&
-      holder->subchannel == NULL && op->send_initial_metadata != NULL) {
+      holder->connected_subchannel == NULL &&
+      op->send_initial_metadata != NULL) {
     holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_PICKING_SUBCHANNEL;
     grpc_closure_init(&holder->next_step, subchannel_ready, holder);
-    if (holder->pick_subchannel(exec_ctx, holder->pick_subchannel_arg,
-                                op->send_initial_metadata, &holder->subchannel,
-                                &holder->next_step)) {
+    GRPC_CALL_STACK_REF(holder->owning_call, "pick_subchannel");
+    if (holder->pick_subchannel(
+            exec_ctx, holder->pick_subchannel_arg, op->send_initial_metadata,
+            &holder->connected_subchannel, &holder->next_step)) {
       holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
+      GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, holder->owning_call, "pick_subchannel");
     }
   }
   /* if we've got a subchannel, then let's ask it to create a call */
   if (holder->creation_phase == GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING &&
-      holder->subchannel != NULL) {
-    holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_CREATING_CALL;
-    grpc_closure_init(&holder->next_step, call_ready, holder);
-    if (grpc_subchannel_create_call(exec_ctx, holder->subchannel,
-                                    holder->pollset, &holder->subchannel_call,
-                                    &holder->next_step)) {
-      /* got one immediately - continue the op (and any waiting ops) */
-      holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
-      retry_waiting_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
-      goto retry;
-    }
+      holder->connected_subchannel != NULL) {
+    gpr_atm_rel_store(
+        &holder->subchannel_call,
+        (gpr_atm)(gpr_uintptr)grpc_connected_subchannel_create_call(
+            exec_ctx, holder->connected_subchannel, holder->pollset));
+    retry_waiting_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
+    goto retry;
   }
   /* nothing to be done but wait */
   add_waiting_locked(holder, op);
@@ -179,36 +174,18 @@ static void subchannel_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
              GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_PICKING_SUBCHANNEL);
   call = GET_CALL(holder);
   GPR_ASSERT(call == NULL || call == CANCELLED_CALL);
-  if (holder->subchannel == NULL) {
-    holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
+  holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
+  if (holder->connected_subchannel == NULL) {
     fail_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
   } else {
-    grpc_closure_init(&holder->next_step, call_ready, holder);
-    if (grpc_subchannel_create_call(exec_ctx, holder->subchannel,
-                                    holder->pollset, &holder->subchannel_call,
-                                    &holder->next_step)) {
-      holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
-      /* got one immediately - continue the op (and any waiting ops) */
-      retry_waiting_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
-    }
-  }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&holder->mu);
-}
-
-static void call_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
-  grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder = arg;
-  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("call_ready", 0);
-  gpr_mu_lock(&holder->mu);
-  GPR_ASSERT(holder->creation_phase ==
-             GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_CREATING_CALL);
-  holder->creation_phase = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING;
-  if (GET_CALL(holder) != NULL) {
+    gpr_atm_rel_store(
+        &holder->subchannel_call,
+        (gpr_atm)(gpr_uintptr)grpc_connected_subchannel_create_call(
+            exec_ctx, holder->connected_subchannel, holder->pollset));
     retry_waiting_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
-  } else {
-    fail_locked(exec_ctx, holder);
   }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&holder->mu);
-  GPR_TIMER_END("call_ready", 0);
+  GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, holder->owning_call, "pick_subchannel");
 }
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -270,14 +247,13 @@ static void fail_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   holder->waiting_ops_count = 0;
 }
 
-char *grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                           grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder,
-                                           grpc_channel *master) {
+char *grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder) {
   grpc_subchannel_call *subchannel_call = GET_CALL(holder);
 
   if (subchannel_call) {
     return grpc_subchannel_call_get_peer(exec_ctx, subchannel_call);
   } else {
-    return grpc_channel_get_target(master);
+    return NULL;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.h b/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.h
index bda051c56605564bc0f3f5a306074aa38cc56697..9cf72c6cf76a1cb0e9284f0f2f92097e2eb33549 100644
--- a/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.h
+++ b/src/core/channel/subchannel_call_holder.h
@@ -42,12 +42,11 @@
     called when the subchannel is available) */
 typedef int (*grpc_subchannel_call_holder_pick_subchannel)(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-    grpc_subchannel **subchannel, grpc_closure *on_ready);
+    grpc_connected_subchannel **connected_subchannel, grpc_closure *on_ready);
 
 typedef enum {
   GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_NOT_CREATING,
-  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_PICKING_SUBCHANNEL,
-  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_CREATING_CALL
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_HOLDER_PICKING_SUBCHANNEL
 } grpc_subchannel_call_holder_creation_phase;
 
 /** Wrapper for holding a pointer to grpc_subchannel_call, and the
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ typedef struct grpc_subchannel_call_holder {
   gpr_mu mu;
 
   grpc_subchannel_call_holder_creation_phase creation_phase;
-  grpc_subchannel *subchannel;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *connected_subchannel;
   grpc_pollset *pollset;
 
   grpc_transport_stream_op *waiting_ops;
@@ -79,12 +78,14 @@ typedef struct grpc_subchannel_call_holder {
   size_t waiting_ops_capacity;
 
   grpc_closure next_step;
+
+  grpc_call_stack *owning_call;
 } grpc_subchannel_call_holder;
 
 void grpc_subchannel_call_holder_init(
     grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder,
     grpc_subchannel_call_holder_pick_subchannel pick_subchannel,
-    void *pick_subchannel_arg);
+    void *pick_subchannel_arg, grpc_call_stack *owning_call);
 void grpc_subchannel_call_holder_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                          grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder);
 
@@ -92,7 +93,6 @@ void grpc_subchannel_call_holder_perform_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                             grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder,
                                             grpc_transport_stream_op *op);
 char *grpc_subchannel_call_holder_get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                           grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder,
-                                           grpc_channel *master);
+                                           grpc_subchannel_call_holder *holder);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/pick_first.c b/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/pick_first.c
index 93312abb00eb3974e9d0e6c48569381e4e3d7998..b91f0609d2f8147a1695fa63d541aae112921cf6 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/pick_first.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/pick_first.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 typedef struct pending_pick {
   struct pending_pick *next;
   grpc_pollset *pollset;
-  grpc_subchannel **target;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel **target;
   grpc_closure *on_complete;
 } pending_pick;
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ typedef struct {
   /** the selected channel
       TODO(ctiller): this should be atomically set so we don't
                      need to take a mutex in the common case */
-  grpc_subchannel *selected;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *selected;
   /** have we started picking? */
   int started_picking;
   /** are we shut down? */
@@ -76,24 +76,6 @@ typedef struct {
   grpc_connectivity_state_tracker state_tracker;
 } pick_first_lb_policy;
 
-static void del_interested_parties_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          pick_first_lb_policy *p) {
-  pending_pick *pp;
-  for (pp = p->pending_picks; pp; pp = pp->next) {
-    grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(
-        exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel], pp->pollset);
-  }
-}
-
-static void add_interested_parties_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          pick_first_lb_policy *p) {
-  pending_pick *pp;
-  for (pp = p->pending_picks; pp; pp = pp->next) {
-    grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(
-        exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel], pp->pollset);
-  }
-}
-
 void pf_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = (pick_first_lb_policy *)pol;
   size_t i;
@@ -102,7 +84,7 @@ void pf_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
     GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[i], "pick_first");
   }
   if (p->selected) {
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, p->selected, "picked_first");
+    GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, p->selected, "picked_first");
   }
   grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker);
   gpr_free(p->subchannels);
@@ -114,16 +96,26 @@ void pf_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = (pick_first_lb_policy *)pol;
   pending_pick *pp;
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
-  del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p);
   p->shutdown = 1;
   pp = p->pending_picks;
   p->pending_picks = NULL;
   grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                               GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE, "shutdown");
+  /* cancel subscription */
+  if (p->selected != NULL) {
+    grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+        exec_ctx, p->selected, NULL, NULL, &p->connectivity_changed);
+  } else {
+    grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+        exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel], NULL, NULL,
+        &p->connectivity_changed);
+  }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
   while (pp != NULL) {
     pending_pick *next = pp->next;
     *pp->target = NULL;
+    grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                 pp->pollset);
     grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 1);
     gpr_free(pp);
     pp = next;
@@ -131,7 +123,7 @@ void pf_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
 }
 
 static void pf_cancel_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
-                           grpc_subchannel **target) {
+                           grpc_connected_subchannel **target) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = (pick_first_lb_policy *)pol;
   pending_pick *pp;
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
@@ -140,8 +132,8 @@ static void pf_cancel_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
   while (pp != NULL) {
     pending_pick *next = pp->next;
     if (pp->target == target) {
-      grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(
-          exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel], pp->pollset);
+      grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                   pp->pollset);
       *target = NULL;
       grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 0);
       gpr_free(pp);
@@ -158,10 +150,11 @@ static void start_picking(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, pick_first_lb_policy *p) {
   p->started_picking = 1;
   p->checking_subchannel = 0;
   p->checking_connectivity = GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(&p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
+  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
   grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
       exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel],
-      &p->checking_connectivity, &p->connectivity_changed);
+      &p->base.interested_parties, &p->checking_connectivity,
+      &p->connectivity_changed);
 }
 
 void pf_exit_idle(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
@@ -174,8 +167,8 @@ void pf_exit_idle(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
 }
 
 int pf_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_pollset *pollset,
-            grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata, grpc_subchannel **target,
-            grpc_closure *on_complete) {
+            grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
+            grpc_connected_subchannel **target, grpc_closure *on_complete) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = (pick_first_lb_policy *)pol;
   pending_pick *pp;
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
@@ -187,8 +180,8 @@ int pf_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     if (!p->started_picking) {
       start_picking(exec_ctx, p);
     }
-    grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(
-        exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel], pollset);
+    grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                 pollset);
     pp = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*pp));
     pp->next = p->pending_picks;
     pp->pollset = pollset;
@@ -204,25 +197,17 @@ static void destroy_subchannels(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                 int iomgr_success) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = arg;
   size_t i;
-  grpc_transport_op op;
   size_t num_subchannels = p->num_subchannels;
   grpc_subchannel **subchannels;
-  grpc_subchannel *exclude_subchannel;
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
   subchannels = p->subchannels;
   p->num_subchannels = 0;
   p->subchannels = NULL;
-  exclude_subchannel = p->selected;
   gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "destroy_subchannels");
+  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "destroy_subchannels");
 
   for (i = 0; i < num_subchannels; i++) {
-    if (subchannels[i] != exclude_subchannel) {
-      memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-      op.disconnect = 1;
-      grpc_subchannel_process_transport_op(exec_ctx, subchannels[i], &op);
-    }
     GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, subchannels[i], "pick_first");
   }
 
@@ -232,23 +217,28 @@ static void destroy_subchannels(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
 static void pf_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                     int iomgr_success) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = arg;
+  grpc_subchannel *selected_subchannel;
   pending_pick *pp;
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
 
   if (p->shutdown) {
     gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
     return;
   } else if (p->selected != NULL) {
+    if (p->checking_connectivity == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE) {
+      /* if the selected channel goes bad, we're done */
+      p->checking_connectivity = GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE;
+    }
     grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                 p->checking_connectivity, "selected_changed");
     if (p->checking_connectivity != GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE) {
-      grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(exec_ctx, p->selected,
-                                             &p->checking_connectivity,
-                                             &p->connectivity_changed);
+      grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+          exec_ctx, p->selected, &p->base.interested_parties,
+          &p->checking_connectivity, &p->connectivity_changed);
     } else {
-      GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
+      GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
     }
   } else {
   loop:
@@ -256,39 +246,41 @@ static void pf_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_READY:
         grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                     GRPC_CHANNEL_READY, "connecting_ready");
-        p->selected = p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel];
-        GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF(p->selected, "picked_first");
+        selected_subchannel = p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel];
+        p->selected =
+            grpc_subchannel_get_connected_subchannel(selected_subchannel);
+        GPR_ASSERT(p->selected);
+        GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_REF(p->selected, "picked_first");
         /* drop the pick list: we are connected now */
-        GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(&p->base, "destroy_subchannels");
+        GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&p->base, "destroy_subchannels");
         grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx,
                               grpc_closure_create(destroy_subchannels, p), 1);
         /* update any calls that were waiting for a pick */
         while ((pp = p->pending_picks)) {
           p->pending_picks = pp->next;
           *pp->target = p->selected;
-          grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, p->selected,
-                                               pp->pollset);
+          grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                       pp->pollset);
           grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 1);
           gpr_free(pp);
         }
-        grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(exec_ctx, p->selected,
-                                               &p->checking_connectivity,
-                                               &p->connectivity_changed);
+        grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+            exec_ctx, p->selected, &p->base.interested_parties,
+            &p->checking_connectivity, &p->connectivity_changed);
         break;
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE:
         grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                     GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
                                     "connecting_transient_failure");
-        del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p);
         p->checking_subchannel =
             (p->checking_subchannel + 1) % p->num_subchannels;
         p->checking_connectivity = grpc_subchannel_check_connectivity(
             p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel]);
-        add_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p);
         if (p->checking_connectivity == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE) {
           grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
               exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel],
-              &p->checking_connectivity, &p->connectivity_changed);
+              &p->base.interested_parties, &p->checking_connectivity,
+              &p->connectivity_changed);
         } else {
           goto loop;
         }
@@ -300,13 +292,13 @@ static void pf_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                     "connecting_changed");
         grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
             exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel],
-            &p->checking_connectivity, &p->connectivity_changed);
+            &p->base.interested_parties, &p->checking_connectivity,
+            &p->connectivity_changed);
         break;
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE:
-        del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p);
-        GPR_SWAP(grpc_subchannel *, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel],
-                 p->subchannels[p->num_subchannels - 1]);
         p->num_subchannels--;
+        GPR_SWAP(grpc_subchannel *, p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel],
+                 p->subchannels[p->num_subchannels]);
         GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->num_subchannels],
                               "pick_first");
         if (p->num_subchannels == 0) {
@@ -319,7 +311,8 @@ static void pf_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
             grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 1);
             gpr_free(pp);
           }
-          GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "pick_first_connectivity");
+          GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base,
+                                    "pick_first_connectivity");
         } else {
           grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                       GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
@@ -327,7 +320,6 @@ static void pf_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
           p->checking_subchannel %= p->num_subchannels;
           p->checking_connectivity = grpc_subchannel_check_connectivity(
               p->subchannels[p->checking_subchannel]);
-          add_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p);
           goto loop;
         }
     }
@@ -336,39 +328,6 @@ static void pf_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
 }
 
-static void pf_broadcast(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
-                         grpc_transport_op *op) {
-  pick_first_lb_policy *p = (pick_first_lb_policy *)pol;
-  size_t i;
-  size_t n;
-  grpc_subchannel **subchannels;
-  grpc_subchannel *selected;
-
-  gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
-  n = p->num_subchannels;
-  subchannels = gpr_malloc(n * sizeof(*subchannels));
-  selected = p->selected;
-  if (selected) {
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF(selected, "pf_broadcast_to_selected");
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    subchannels[i] = p->subchannels[i];
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF(subchannels[i], "pf_broadcast");
-  }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
-
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    if (selected == subchannels[i]) continue;
-    grpc_subchannel_process_transport_op(exec_ctx, subchannels[i], op);
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, subchannels[i], "pf_broadcast");
-  }
-  if (p->selected) {
-    grpc_subchannel_process_transport_op(exec_ctx, selected, op);
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, selected, "pf_broadcast_to_selected");
-  }
-  gpr_free(subchannels);
-}
-
 static grpc_connectivity_state pf_check_connectivity(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                      grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   pick_first_lb_policy *p = (pick_first_lb_policy *)pol;
@@ -391,7 +350,7 @@ void pf_notify_on_state_change(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
 
 static const grpc_lb_policy_vtable pick_first_lb_policy_vtable = {
     pf_destroy, pf_shutdown, pf_pick, pf_cancel_pick, pf_exit_idle,
-    pf_broadcast, pf_check_connectivity, pf_notify_on_state_change};
+    pf_check_connectivity, pf_notify_on_state_change};
 
 static void pick_first_factory_ref(grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory) {}
 
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/round_robin.c b/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/round_robin.c
index 1ffe32fff268b2aa5f459227c3792ea8c1b9b3bf..b86dba20ee11dd3adb71bbca93401f41389fb6ce 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/round_robin.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/lb_policies/round_robin.c
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include "src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h"
 
+typedef struct round_robin_lb_policy round_robin_lb_policy;
+
 int grpc_lb_round_robin_trace = 0;
 
 /** List of entities waiting for a pick.
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ int grpc_lb_round_robin_trace = 0;
 typedef struct pending_pick {
   struct pending_pick *next;
   grpc_pollset *pollset;
-  grpc_subchannel **target;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel **target;
   grpc_closure *on_complete;
 } pending_pick;
 
@@ -58,22 +60,27 @@ typedef struct ready_list {
 } ready_list;
 
 typedef struct {
-  size_t subchannel_idx; /**< Index over p->subchannels */
-  void *p;               /**< round_robin_lb_policy instance */
-} connectivity_changed_cb_arg;
-
-typedef struct {
+  /** index within policy->subchannels */
+  size_t index;
+  /** backpointer to owning policy */
+  round_robin_lb_policy *policy;
+  /** subchannel itself */
+  grpc_subchannel *subchannel;
+  /** notification that connectivity has changed on subchannel */
+  grpc_closure connectivity_changed_closure;
+  /** this subchannels current position in subchannel->ready_list */
+  ready_list *ready_list_node;
+  /** last observed connectivity */
+  grpc_connectivity_state connectivity_state;
+} subchannel_data;
+
+struct round_robin_lb_policy {
   /** base policy: must be first */
   grpc_lb_policy base;
 
   /** all our subchannels */
-  grpc_subchannel **subchannels;
   size_t num_subchannels;
-
-  /** Callbacks, one per subchannel being watched, to be called when their
-   * respective connectivity changes */
-  grpc_closure *connectivity_changed_cbs;
-  connectivity_changed_cb_arg *cb_args;
+  subchannel_data **subchannels;
 
   /** mutex protecting remaining members */
   gpr_mu mu;
@@ -81,8 +88,6 @@ typedef struct {
   int started_picking;
   /** are we shutting down? */
   int shutdown;
-  /** Connectivity state of the subchannels being watched */
-  grpc_connectivity_state *subchannel_connectivity;
   /** List of picks that are waiting on connectivity */
   pending_pick *pending_picks;
 
@@ -93,13 +98,7 @@ typedef struct {
   ready_list ready_list;
   /** Last pick from the ready list. */
   ready_list *ready_list_last_pick;
-
-  /** Subchannel index to ready_list node.
-   *
-   * Kept in order to remove nodes from the ready list associated with a
-   * subchannel */
-  ready_list **subchannel_index_to_readylist_node;
-} round_robin_lb_policy;
+};
 
 /** Returns the next subchannel from the connected list or NULL if the list is
  * empty.
@@ -144,9 +143,9 @@ static void advance_last_picked_locked(round_robin_lb_policy *p) {
 /** Prepends (relative to the root at p->ready_list) the connected subchannel \a
  * csc to the list of ready subchannels. */
 static ready_list *add_connected_sc_locked(round_robin_lb_policy *p,
-                                           grpc_subchannel *csc) {
+                                           grpc_subchannel *sc) {
   ready_list *new_elem = gpr_malloc(sizeof(ready_list));
-  new_elem->subchannel = csc;
+  new_elem->subchannel = sc;
   if (p->ready_list.prev == NULL) {
     /* first element */
     new_elem->next = &p->ready_list;
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ static ready_list *add_connected_sc_locked(round_robin_lb_policy *p,
     p->ready_list.prev = new_elem;
   }
   if (grpc_lb_round_robin_trace) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "[READYLIST] ADDING NODE %p (SC %p)", new_elem, csc);
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "[READYLIST] ADDING NODE %p (SC %p)", new_elem, sc);
   }
   return new_elem;
 }
@@ -200,28 +199,15 @@ static void remove_disconnected_sc_locked(round_robin_lb_policy *p,
   gpr_free(node);
 }
 
-static void del_interested_parties_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          round_robin_lb_policy *p,
-                                          const size_t subchannel_idx) {
-  pending_pick *pp;
-  for (pp = p->pending_picks; pp; pp = pp->next) {
-    grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(
-        exec_ctx, p->subchannels[subchannel_idx], pp->pollset);
-  }
-}
-
 void rr_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   round_robin_lb_policy *p = (round_robin_lb_policy *)pol;
   size_t i;
   ready_list *elem;
   for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
-    del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p, i);
+    subchannel_data *sd = p->subchannels[i];
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, "round_robin");
+    gpr_free(sd);
   }
-  for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[i], "round_robin");
-  }
-  gpr_free(p->connectivity_changed_cbs);
-  gpr_free(p->subchannel_connectivity);
 
   grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker);
   gpr_free(p->subchannels);
@@ -237,20 +223,15 @@ void rr_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
     gpr_free(elem);
     elem = tmp;
   }
-  gpr_free(p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node);
-  gpr_free(p->cb_args);
   gpr_free(p);
 }
 
 void rr_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
-  size_t i;
   round_robin_lb_policy *p = (round_robin_lb_policy *)pol;
   pending_pick *pp;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
+  size_t i;
 
-  for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
-    del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p, i);
-  }
+  gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
 
   p->shutdown = 1;
   while ((pp = p->pending_picks)) {
@@ -261,24 +242,26 @@ void rr_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   }
   grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                               GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE, "shutdown");
+  for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
+    subchannel_data *sd = p->subchannels[i];
+    grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, NULL, NULL,
+                                           &sd->connectivity_changed_closure);
+  }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
 }
 
 static void rr_cancel_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
-                           grpc_subchannel **target) {
+                           grpc_connected_subchannel **target) {
   round_robin_lb_policy *p = (round_robin_lb_policy *)pol;
   pending_pick *pp;
-  size_t i;
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
   pp = p->pending_picks;
   p->pending_picks = NULL;
   while (pp != NULL) {
     pending_pick *next = pp->next;
     if (pp->target == target) {
-      for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
-        grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[i],
-                                             pp->pollset);
-      }
+      grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                   pp->pollset);
       *target = NULL;
       grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 0);
       gpr_free(pp);
@@ -295,12 +278,16 @@ static void start_picking(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, round_robin_lb_policy *p) {
   size_t i;
   p->started_picking = 1;
 
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "LB_POLICY: p=%p num_subchannels=%d", p,
+          p->num_subchannels);
+
   for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
-    p->subchannel_connectivity[i] = GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
-    grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[i],
-                                           &p->subchannel_connectivity[i],
-                                           &p->connectivity_changed_cbs[i]);
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(&p->base, "round_robin_connectivity");
+    subchannel_data *sd = p->subchannels[i];
+    sd->connectivity_state = GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
+    grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+        exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, &p->base.interested_parties,
+        &sd->connectivity_state, &sd->connectivity_changed_closure);
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&p->base, "round_robin_connectivity");
   }
 }
 
@@ -314,18 +301,18 @@ void rr_exit_idle(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
 }
 
 int rr_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_pollset *pollset,
-            grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata, grpc_subchannel **target,
-            grpc_closure *on_complete) {
-  size_t i;
+            grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
+            grpc_connected_subchannel **target, grpc_closure *on_complete) {
   round_robin_lb_policy *p = (round_robin_lb_policy *)pol;
   pending_pick *pp;
   ready_list *selected;
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
   if ((selected = peek_next_connected_locked(p))) {
     gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
-    *target = selected->subchannel;
+    *target = grpc_subchannel_get_connected_subchannel(selected->subchannel);
     if (grpc_lb_round_robin_trace) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "[RR PICK] TARGET <-- SUBCHANNEL %p (NODE %p)",
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+              "[RR PICK] TARGET <-- CONNECTED SUBCHANNEL %p (NODE %p)",
               selected->subchannel, selected);
     }
     /* only advance the last picked pointer if the selection was used */
@@ -335,10 +322,8 @@ int rr_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     if (!p->started_picking) {
       start_picking(exec_ctx, p);
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < p->num_subchannels; i++) {
-      grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[i],
-                                           pollset);
-    }
+    grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                 pollset);
     pp = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*pp));
     pp->next = p->pending_picks;
     pp->pollset = pollset;
@@ -352,33 +337,25 @@ int rr_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_pollset *pollset,
 
 static void rr_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                     int iomgr_success) {
-  connectivity_changed_cb_arg *cb_arg = arg;
-  round_robin_lb_policy *p = cb_arg->p;
-  /* index over p->subchannels of this cb's subchannel */
-  const size_t this_idx = cb_arg->subchannel_idx;
+  subchannel_data *sd = arg;
+  round_robin_lb_policy *p = sd->policy;
   pending_pick *pp;
   ready_list *selected;
 
   int unref = 0;
 
-  /* connectivity state of this cb's subchannel */
-  grpc_connectivity_state *this_connectivity;
-
   gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
 
-  this_connectivity = &p->subchannel_connectivity[this_idx];
-
   if (p->shutdown) {
     unref = 1;
   } else {
-    switch (*this_connectivity) {
+    switch (sd->connectivity_state) {
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_READY:
         grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                     GRPC_CHANNEL_READY, "connecting_ready");
         /* add the newly connected subchannel to the list of connected ones.
          * Note that it goes to the "end of the line". */
-        p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx] =
-            add_connected_sc_locked(p, p->subchannels[this_idx]);
+        sd->ready_list_node = add_connected_sc_locked(p, sd->subchannel);
         /* at this point we know there's at least one suitable subchannel. Go
          * ahead and pick one and notify the pending suitors in
          * p->pending_picks. This preemtively replicates rr_pick()'s actions. */
@@ -390,60 +367,60 @@ static void rr_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
         }
         while ((pp = p->pending_picks)) {
           p->pending_picks = pp->next;
-          *pp->target = selected->subchannel;
+          *pp->target =
+              grpc_subchannel_get_connected_subchannel(selected->subchannel);
           if (grpc_lb_round_robin_trace) {
             gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
                     "[RR CONN CHANGED] TARGET <-- SUBCHANNEL %p (NODE %p)",
                     selected->subchannel, selected);
           }
-          grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, selected->subchannel,
-                                               pp->pollset);
+          grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, &p->base.interested_parties,
+                                       pp->pollset);
           grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 1);
           gpr_free(pp);
         }
         grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
-            exec_ctx, p->subchannels[this_idx], this_connectivity,
-            &p->connectivity_changed_cbs[this_idx]);
+            exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, &p->base.interested_parties,
+            &sd->connectivity_state, &sd->connectivity_changed_closure);
         break;
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING:
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE:
         grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
-                                    *this_connectivity, "connecting_changed");
+                                    sd->connectivity_state,
+                                    "connecting_changed");
         grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
-            exec_ctx, p->subchannels[this_idx], this_connectivity,
-            &p->connectivity_changed_cbs[this_idx]);
+            exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, &p->base.interested_parties,
+            &sd->connectivity_state, &sd->connectivity_changed_closure);
         break;
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE:
-        del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p, this_idx);
         /* renew state notification */
         grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
-            exec_ctx, p->subchannels[this_idx], this_connectivity,
-            &p->connectivity_changed_cbs[this_idx]);
+            exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, &p->base.interested_parties,
+            &sd->connectivity_state, &sd->connectivity_changed_closure);
 
         /* remove from ready list if still present */
-        if (p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx] != NULL) {
-          remove_disconnected_sc_locked(
-              p, p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx]);
-          p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx] = NULL;
+        if (sd->ready_list_node != NULL) {
+          remove_disconnected_sc_locked(p, sd->ready_list_node);
+          sd->ready_list_node = NULL;
         }
         grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                     GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
                                     "connecting_transient_failure");
         break;
       case GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE:
-        del_interested_parties_locked(exec_ctx, p, this_idx);
-        if (p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx] != NULL) {
-          remove_disconnected_sc_locked(
-              p, p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx]);
-          p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node[this_idx] = NULL;
+        if (sd->ready_list_node != NULL) {
+          remove_disconnected_sc_locked(p, sd->ready_list_node);
+          sd->ready_list_node = NULL;
         }
 
-        GPR_SWAP(grpc_subchannel *, p->subchannels[this_idx],
-                 p->subchannels[p->num_subchannels - 1]);
         p->num_subchannels--;
-        GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, p->subchannels[p->num_subchannels],
-                              "round_robin");
+        GPR_SWAP(subchannel_data *, p->subchannels[sd->index],
+                 p->subchannels[p->num_subchannels]);
+        GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, sd->subchannel, "round_robin");
+        p->subchannels[sd->index]->index = sd->index;
+        gpr_free(sd);
 
+        unref = 1;
         if (p->num_subchannels == 0) {
           grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                       GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE,
@@ -454,7 +431,6 @@ static void rr_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
             grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, pp->on_complete, 1);
             gpr_free(pp);
           }
-          unref = 1;
         } else {
           grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &p->state_tracker,
                                       GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
@@ -466,31 +442,8 @@ static void rr_connectivity_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
 
   if (unref) {
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "round_robin_connectivity");
-  }
-}
-
-static void rr_broadcast(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
-                         grpc_transport_op *op) {
-  round_robin_lb_policy *p = (round_robin_lb_policy *)pol;
-  size_t i;
-  size_t n;
-  grpc_subchannel **subchannels;
-
-  gpr_mu_lock(&p->mu);
-  n = p->num_subchannels;
-  subchannels = gpr_malloc(n * sizeof(*subchannels));
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    subchannels[i] = p->subchannels[i];
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF(subchannels[i], "rr_broadcast");
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &p->base, "round_robin_connectivity");
   }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
-
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    grpc_subchannel_process_transport_op(exec_ctx, subchannels[i], op);
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, subchannels[i], "rr_broadcast");
-  }
-  gpr_free(subchannels);
 }
 
 static grpc_connectivity_state rr_check_connectivity(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -516,7 +469,7 @@ static void rr_notify_on_state_change(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static const grpc_lb_policy_vtable round_robin_lb_policy_vtable = {
     rr_destroy, rr_shutdown, rr_pick, rr_cancel_pick, rr_exit_idle,
-    rr_broadcast, rr_check_connectivity, rr_notify_on_state_change};
+    rr_check_connectivity, rr_notify_on_state_change};
 
 static void round_robin_factory_ref(grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory) {}
 
@@ -529,27 +482,22 @@ static grpc_lb_policy *create_round_robin(grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory,
   GPR_ASSERT(args->num_subchannels > 0);
   memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
   grpc_lb_policy_init(&p->base, &round_robin_lb_policy_vtable);
-  p->subchannels =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_subchannel *) * args->num_subchannels);
   p->num_subchannels = args->num_subchannels;
+  p->subchannels = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*p->subchannels) * p->num_subchannels);
+  memset(p->subchannels, 0, sizeof(*p->subchannels) * p->num_subchannels);
   grpc_connectivity_state_init(&p->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
                                "round_robin");
-  memcpy(p->subchannels, args->subchannels,
-         sizeof(grpc_subchannel *) * args->num_subchannels);
 
   gpr_mu_init(&p->mu);
-  p->connectivity_changed_cbs =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_closure) * args->num_subchannels);
-  p->subchannel_connectivity =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_connectivity_state) * args->num_subchannels);
-
-  p->cb_args =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(connectivity_changed_cb_arg) * args->num_subchannels);
   for (i = 0; i < args->num_subchannels; i++) {
-    p->cb_args[i].subchannel_idx = i;
-    p->cb_args[i].p = p;
-    grpc_closure_init(&p->connectivity_changed_cbs[i], rr_connectivity_changed,
-                      &p->cb_args[i]);
+    subchannel_data *sd = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*sd));
+    memset(sd, 0, sizeof(*sd));
+    p->subchannels[i] = sd;
+    sd->policy = p;
+    sd->index = i;
+    sd->subchannel = args->subchannels[i];
+    grpc_closure_init(&sd->connectivity_changed_closure,
+                      rr_connectivity_changed, sd);
   }
 
   /* The (dummy node) root of the ready list */
@@ -558,10 +506,6 @@ static grpc_lb_policy *create_round_robin(grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory,
   p->ready_list.next = NULL;
   p->ready_list_last_pick = &p->ready_list;
 
-  p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_subchannel *) * args->num_subchannels);
-  memset(p->subchannel_index_to_readylist_node, 0,
-         sizeof(grpc_subchannel *) * args->num_subchannels);
   return &p->base;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.c b/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.c
index 36a24543096581058aa8b8f8d06699b22c74edac..d25416154675803145e36695ffd1dd9bf6b637fa 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.c
@@ -33,59 +33,85 @@
 
 #include "src/core/client_config/lb_policy.h"
 
+#define WEAK_REF_BITS 16
+
 void grpc_lb_policy_init(grpc_lb_policy *policy,
                          const grpc_lb_policy_vtable *vtable) {
   policy->vtable = vtable;
-  gpr_ref_init(&policy->refs, 1);
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&policy->ref_pair, 1 << WEAK_REF_BITS);
+  grpc_pollset_set_init(&policy->interested_parties);
 }
 
 #ifdef GRPC_LB_POLICY_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-void grpc_lb_policy_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy, const char *file, int line,
-                        const char *reason) {
-  gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG, "LB_POLICY:%p   ref %d -> %d %s",
-          policy, (int)policy->refs.count, (int)policy->refs.count + 1, reason);
+#define REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS , const char *file, int line, const char *reason
+#define REF_MUTATE_EXTRA_ARGS REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS, const char *purpose
+#define REF_FUNC_PASS_ARGS(new_reason) , file, line, new_reason
+#define REF_MUTATE_PASS_ARGS(purpose) , file, line, reason, purpose
 #else
-void grpc_lb_policy_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy) {
+#define REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS
+#define REF_MUTATE_EXTRA_ARGS
+#define REF_FUNC_PASS_ARGS(new_reason)
+#define REF_MUTATE_PASS_ARGS(x)
 #endif
-  gpr_ref(&policy->refs);
-}
 
+static gpr_atm ref_mutate(grpc_lb_policy *c, gpr_atm delta,
+                          int barrier REF_MUTATE_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_val = barrier ? gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&c->ref_pair, delta)
+                            : gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&c->ref_pair, delta);
 #ifdef GRPC_LB_POLICY_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-void grpc_lb_policy_unref(grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                          grpc_closure_list *closure_list, const char *file,
-                          int line, const char *reason) {
-  gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG, "LB_POLICY:%p unref %d -> %d %s",
-          policy, (int)policy->refs.count, (int)policy->refs.count - 1, reason);
-#else
-void grpc_lb_policy_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy) {
+  gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
+          "LB_POLICY: %p % 12s 0x%08x -> 0x%08x [%s]", c, purpose, old_val,
+          old_val + delta, reason);
 #endif
-  if (gpr_unref(&policy->refs)) {
-    policy->vtable->destroy(exec_ctx, policy);
+  return old_val;
+}
+
+void grpc_lb_policy_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  ref_mutate(policy, 1 << WEAK_REF_BITS, 0 REF_MUTATE_PASS_ARGS("STRONG_REF"));
+}
+
+void grpc_lb_policy_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                          grpc_lb_policy *policy REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_val =
+      ref_mutate(policy, (gpr_atm)1 - (gpr_atm)(1 << WEAK_REF_BITS),
+                 1 REF_MUTATE_PASS_ARGS("STRONG_UNREF"));
+  gpr_atm mask = ~(gpr_atm)((1 << WEAK_REF_BITS) - 1);
+  gpr_atm check = 1 << WEAK_REF_BITS;
+  if ((old_val & mask) == check) {
+    policy->vtable->shutdown(exec_ctx, policy);
   }
+  grpc_lb_policy_weak_unref(exec_ctx,
+                            policy REF_FUNC_PASS_ARGS("strong-unref"));
 }
 
-void grpc_lb_policy_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy) {
-  policy->vtable->shutdown(exec_ctx, policy);
+void grpc_lb_policy_weak_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  ref_mutate(policy, 1, 0 REF_MUTATE_PASS_ARGS("WEAK_REF"));
+}
+
+void grpc_lb_policy_weak_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                               grpc_lb_policy *policy REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_val =
+      ref_mutate(policy, -(gpr_atm)1, 1 REF_MUTATE_PASS_ARGS("WEAK_UNREF"));
+  if (old_val == 1) {
+    grpc_pollset_set_destroy(&policy->interested_parties);
+    policy->vtable->destroy(exec_ctx, policy);
+  }
 }
 
 int grpc_lb_policy_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
                         grpc_pollset *pollset,
                         grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-                        grpc_subchannel **target, grpc_closure *on_complete) {
+                        grpc_connected_subchannel **target,
+                        grpc_closure *on_complete) {
   return policy->vtable->pick(exec_ctx, policy, pollset, initial_metadata,
                               target, on_complete);
 }
 
 void grpc_lb_policy_cancel_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                                grpc_subchannel **target) {
+                                grpc_connected_subchannel **target) {
   policy->vtable->cancel_pick(exec_ctx, policy, target);
 }
 
-void grpc_lb_policy_broadcast(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                              grpc_transport_op *op) {
-  policy->vtable->broadcast(exec_ctx, policy, op);
-}
-
 void grpc_lb_policy_exit_idle(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy) {
   policy->vtable->exit_idle(exec_ctx, policy);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.h b/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.h
index a696c3ce64561040317dd0bb29701fc4568907a3..2f8d655558c980af1089bb3c9007c6bdd0a38e17 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.h
+++ b/src/core/client_config/lb_policy.h
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ typedef void (*grpc_lb_completion)(void *cb_arg, grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
 
 struct grpc_lb_policy {
   const grpc_lb_policy_vtable *vtable;
-  gpr_refcount refs;
+  gpr_atm ref_pair;
+  grpc_pollset_set interested_parties;
 };
 
 struct grpc_lb_policy_vtable {
@@ -58,17 +59,13 @@ struct grpc_lb_policy_vtable {
   /** implement grpc_lb_policy_pick */
   int (*pick)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
               grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-              grpc_subchannel **target, grpc_closure *on_complete);
+              grpc_connected_subchannel **target, grpc_closure *on_complete);
   void (*cancel_pick)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                      grpc_subchannel **target);
+                      grpc_connected_subchannel **target);
 
   /** try to enter a READY connectivity state */
   void (*exit_idle)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy);
 
-  /** broadcast a transport op to all subchannels */
-  void (*broadcast)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                    grpc_transport_op *op);
-
   /** check the current connectivity of the lb_policy */
   grpc_connectivity_state (*check_connectivity)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                 grpc_lb_policy *policy);
@@ -81,29 +78,39 @@ struct grpc_lb_policy_vtable {
                                  grpc_closure *closure);
 };
 
+/*#define GRPC_LB_POLICY_REFCOUNT_DEBUG*/
 #ifdef GRPC_LB_POLICY_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
 #define GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(p, r) \
   grpc_lb_policy_ref((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
 #define GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, p, r) \
   grpc_lb_policy_unref((exec_ctx), (p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
+#define GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(p, r) \
+  grpc_lb_policy_weak_ref((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
+#define GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, p, r) \
+  grpc_lb_policy_weak_unref((exec_ctx), (p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
 void grpc_lb_policy_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy, const char *file, int line,
                         const char *reason);
 void grpc_lb_policy_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
                           const char *file, int line, const char *reason);
+void grpc_lb_policy_weak_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy, const char *file, int line,
+                             const char *reason);
+void grpc_lb_policy_weak_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
+                               const char *file, int line, const char *reason);
 #else
 #define GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(p, r) grpc_lb_policy_ref((p))
 #define GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(cl, p, r) grpc_lb_policy_unref((cl), (p))
+#define GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(p, r) grpc_lb_policy_weak_ref((p))
+#define GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(cl, p, r) grpc_lb_policy_weak_unref((cl), (p))
 void grpc_lb_policy_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy);
 void grpc_lb_policy_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy);
+void grpc_lb_policy_weak_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy);
+void grpc_lb_policy_weak_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy);
 #endif
 
 /** called by concrete implementations to initialize the base struct */
 void grpc_lb_policy_init(grpc_lb_policy *policy,
                          const grpc_lb_policy_vtable *vtable);
 
-/** Start shutting down (fail any pending picks) */
-void grpc_lb_policy_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy);
-
 /** Given initial metadata in \a initial_metadata, find an appropriate
     target for this rpc, and 'return' it by calling \a on_complete after setting
     \a target.
@@ -111,13 +118,11 @@ void grpc_lb_policy_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy);
 int grpc_lb_policy_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
                         grpc_pollset *pollset,
                         grpc_metadata_batch *initial_metadata,
-                        grpc_subchannel **target, grpc_closure *on_complete);
+                        grpc_connected_subchannel **target,
+                        grpc_closure *on_complete);
 
 void grpc_lb_policy_cancel_pick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                                grpc_subchannel **target);
-
-void grpc_lb_policy_broadcast(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
-                              grpc_transport_op *op);
+                                grpc_connected_subchannel **target);
 
 void grpc_lb_policy_exit_idle(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy);
 
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/resolver.c b/src/core/client_config/resolver.c
index 081097eb19aaed8a2aba8302a869f2308dd30fa6..eda01e72ba7fb9eee14d961e67d2d653894d7f4e 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/resolver.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/resolver.c
@@ -71,11 +71,8 @@ void grpc_resolver_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver) {
 }
 
 void grpc_resolver_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                     grpc_resolver *resolver,
-                                     struct sockaddr *failing_address,
-                                     int failing_address_len) {
-  resolver->vtable->channel_saw_error(exec_ctx, resolver, failing_address,
-                                      failing_address_len);
+                                     grpc_resolver *resolver) {
+  resolver->vtable->channel_saw_error(exec_ctx, resolver);
 }
 
 void grpc_resolver_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver,
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/resolver.h b/src/core/client_config/resolver.h
index 7ba0cd5bd4f15c09919e3d532a9e47c6b73f4e27..e612eaf3b3cacddd942203d72fbd4ab114f2b0c5 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/resolver.h
+++ b/src/core/client_config/resolver.h
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 #define GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_CLIENT_CONFIG_RESOLVER_H
 
 #include "src/core/client_config/client_config.h"
+#include "src/core/client_config/subchannel.h"
 #include "src/core/iomgr/iomgr.h"
-#include "src/core/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
 
 typedef struct grpc_resolver grpc_resolver;
 typedef struct grpc_resolver_vtable grpc_resolver_vtable;
@@ -51,9 +51,7 @@ struct grpc_resolver {
 struct grpc_resolver_vtable {
   void (*destroy)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver);
   void (*shutdown)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver);
-  void (*channel_saw_error)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver,
-                            struct sockaddr *failing_address,
-                            int failing_address_len);
+  void (*channel_saw_error)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver);
   void (*next)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver,
                grpc_client_config **target_config, grpc_closure *on_complete);
 };
@@ -81,9 +79,7 @@ void grpc_resolver_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver);
 /** Notification that the channel has seen an error on some address.
     Can be used as a hint that re-resolution is desirable soon. */
 void grpc_resolver_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                     grpc_resolver *resolver,
-                                     struct sockaddr *failing_address,
-                                     int failing_address_len);
+                                     grpc_resolver *resolver);
 
 /** Get the next client config. Called by the channel to fetch a new
     configuration. Expected to set *target_config with a new configuration,
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/resolvers/dns_resolver.c b/src/core/client_config/resolvers/dns_resolver.c
index b40c41544ae08242039a09233792e0388429cd22..28ca30b9463c9f24f85db022216ef6031fa4bdcf 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/resolvers/dns_resolver.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/resolvers/dns_resolver.c
@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ static void dns_maybe_finish_next_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                          dns_resolver *r);
 
 static void dns_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r);
-static void dns_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r,
-                                  struct sockaddr *failing_address,
-                                  int failing_address_len);
+static void dns_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r);
 static void dns_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r,
                      grpc_client_config **target_config,
                      grpc_closure *on_complete);
@@ -102,8 +100,7 @@ static void dns_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver) {
 }
 
 static void dns_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                  grpc_resolver *resolver, struct sockaddr *sa,
-                                  int len) {
+                                  grpc_resolver *resolver) {
   dns_resolver *r = (dns_resolver *)resolver;
   gpr_mu_lock(&r->mu);
   if (!r->resolving) {
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/resolvers/sockaddr_resolver.c b/src/core/client_config/resolvers/sockaddr_resolver.c
index 0b017f06c7fb028c1c32e487310abb9c15b9d051..fd0212a1e7362e733d0acd76ad239d7959097938 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/resolvers/sockaddr_resolver.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/resolvers/sockaddr_resolver.c
@@ -83,9 +83,7 @@ static void sockaddr_maybe_finish_next_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static void sockaddr_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r);
 static void sockaddr_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                       grpc_resolver *r,
-                                       struct sockaddr *failing_address,
-                                       int failing_address_len);
+                                       grpc_resolver *r);
 static void sockaddr_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r,
                           grpc_client_config **target_config,
                           grpc_closure *on_complete);
@@ -107,8 +105,13 @@ static void sockaddr_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 }
 
 static void sockaddr_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                       grpc_resolver *resolver,
-                                       struct sockaddr *sa, int len) {}
+                                       grpc_resolver *resolver) {
+  sockaddr_resolver *r = (sockaddr_resolver *)resolver;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&r->mu);
+  r->published = 0;
+  sockaddr_maybe_finish_next_locked(exec_ctx, r);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&r->mu);
+}
 
 static void sockaddr_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *resolver,
                           grpc_client_config **target_config,
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/resolvers/zookeeper_resolver.c b/src/core/client_config/resolvers/zookeeper_resolver.c
index 136197d4c64b46053be8e6c3326cf8b103f2f275..4924ca77d679e9c364741c26cf0e65b57c4c1f99 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/resolvers/zookeeper_resolver.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/resolvers/zookeeper_resolver.c
@@ -96,9 +96,7 @@ static void zookeeper_maybe_finish_next_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static void zookeeper_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r);
 static void zookeeper_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                        grpc_resolver *r,
-                                        struct sockaddr *failing_address,
-                                        int failing_address_len);
+                                        grpc_resolver *r);
 static void zookeeper_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_resolver *r,
                            grpc_client_config **target_config,
                            grpc_closure *on_complete);
@@ -125,8 +123,7 @@ static void zookeeper_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 }
 
 static void zookeeper_channel_saw_error(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                        grpc_resolver *resolver,
-                                        struct sockaddr *sa, int len) {
+                                        grpc_resolver *resolver) {
   zookeeper_resolver *r = (zookeeper_resolver *)resolver;
   gpr_mu_lock(&r->mu);
   if (r->resolving == 0) {
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/subchannel.c b/src/core/client_config/subchannel.c
index 28496ac2c964eb2eeeaa6e38a3a049cfaeffbda9..6631e9bae21e0ee655121e3b559bb9e154d9f516 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/subchannel.c
+++ b/src/core/client_config/subchannel.c
@@ -47,39 +47,44 @@
 #include "src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h"
 #include "src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h"
 
+#define INTERNAL_REF_BITS 16
+#define STRONG_REF_MASK (~(gpr_atm)((1 << INTERNAL_REF_BITS) - 1))
+
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_MIN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS 20
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS 1
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 1.6
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS 120
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_JITTER 0.2
 
-typedef struct {
-  /* all fields protected by subchannel->mu */
-  /** refcount */
-  int refs;
-  /** parent subchannel */
-  grpc_subchannel *subchannel;
-} connection;
+#define GET_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL(subchannel, barrier)      \
+  ((grpc_connected_subchannel *)(gpr_atm_##barrier##_load( \
+      &(subchannel)->connected_subchannel)))
 
 typedef struct {
   grpc_closure closure;
-  size_t version;
   grpc_subchannel *subchannel;
   grpc_connectivity_state connectivity_state;
 } state_watcher;
 
-typedef struct waiting_for_connect {
-  struct waiting_for_connect *next;
-  grpc_closure *notify;
-  grpc_pollset *pollset;
-  gpr_atm *target;
+typedef struct external_state_watcher {
   grpc_subchannel *subchannel;
-  grpc_closure continuation;
-} waiting_for_connect;
+  grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set;
+  grpc_closure *notify;
+  grpc_closure closure;
+  struct external_state_watcher *next;
+  struct external_state_watcher *prev;
+} external_state_watcher;
 
 struct grpc_subchannel {
   grpc_connector *connector;
 
+  /** refcount
+      - lower INTERNAL_REF_BITS bits are for internal references:
+        these do not keep the subchannel open.
+      - upper remaining bits are for public references: these do
+        keep the subchannel open */
+  gpr_atm ref_pair;
+
   /** non-transport related channel filters */
   const grpc_channel_filter **filters;
   size_t num_filters;
@@ -88,15 +93,9 @@ struct grpc_subchannel {
   /** address to connect to */
   struct sockaddr *addr;
   size_t addr_len;
+
   /** initial string to send to peer */
   gpr_slice initial_connect_string;
-  /** master channel - the grpc_channel instance that ultimately owns
-      this channel_data via its channel stack.
-      We occasionally use this to bump the refcount on the master channel
-      to keep ourselves alive through an asynchronous operation. */
-  grpc_channel *master;
-  /** have we seen a disconnection? */
-  int disconnected;
 
   /** set during connection */
   grpc_connect_out_args connecting_result;
@@ -105,27 +104,24 @@ struct grpc_subchannel {
   grpc_closure connected;
 
   /** pollset_set tracking who's interested in a connection
-      being setup - owned by the master channel (in particular the
-     client_channel
-      filter there-in) */
-  grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set;
+      being setup */
+  grpc_pollset_set pollset_set;
+
+  /** active connection, or null; of type grpc_connected_subchannel */
+  gpr_atm connected_subchannel;
 
   /** mutex protecting remaining elements */
   gpr_mu mu;
 
-  /** active connection */
-  connection *active;
-  /** version number for the active connection */
-  size_t active_version;
-  /** refcount */
-  int refs;
+  /** have we seen a disconnection? */
+  int disconnected;
   /** are we connecting */
   int connecting;
-  /** things waiting for a connection */
-  waiting_for_connect *waiting;
   /** connectivity state tracking */
   grpc_connectivity_state_tracker state_tracker;
 
+  external_state_watcher root_external_state_watcher;
+
   /** next connect attempt time */
   gpr_timespec next_attempt;
   /** amount to backoff each failure */
@@ -139,151 +135,141 @@ struct grpc_subchannel {
 };
 
 struct grpc_subchannel_call {
-  connection *connection;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *connection;
 };
 
 #define SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(call) ((grpc_call_stack *)((call) + 1))
-#define CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con) ((grpc_channel_stack *)((con) + 1))
+#define CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con) ((grpc_channel_stack *)(con))
 #define CALLSTACK_TO_SUBCHANNEL_CALL(callstack) \
   (((grpc_subchannel_call *)(callstack)) - 1)
 
-static grpc_subchannel_call *create_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                         connection *con,
-                                         grpc_pollset *pollset);
-static void connectivity_state_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                              const char *reason);
-static grpc_connectivity_state compute_connectivity_locked(grpc_subchannel *c);
 static gpr_timespec compute_connect_deadline(grpc_subchannel *c);
 static void subchannel_connected(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *subchannel,
                                  int iomgr_success);
 
-static void subchannel_ref_locked(grpc_subchannel *c
-                                      GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
-static int subchannel_unref_locked(
-    grpc_subchannel *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
-static void connection_ref_locked(connection *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
-static grpc_subchannel *connection_unref_locked(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-    connection *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
-static void subchannel_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c);
-
 #ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-#define SUBCHANNEL_REF_LOCKED(p, r) \
-  subchannel_ref_locked((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
-#define SUBCHANNEL_UNREF_LOCKED(p, r) \
-  subchannel_unref_locked((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
-#define CONNECTION_REF_LOCKED(p, r) \
-  connection_ref_locked((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
-#define CONNECTION_UNREF_LOCKED(cl, p, r) \
-  connection_unref_locked((cl), (p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
-#define REF_PASS_ARGS , file, line, reason
-#define REF_PASS_REASON , reason
+#define REF_REASON reason
 #define REF_LOG(name, p)                                                  \
   gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG, "%s: %p   ref %d -> %d %s", \
-          (name), (p), (p)->refs, (p)->refs + 1, reason)
+          (name), (p), (p)->refs.count, (p)->refs.count + 1, reason)
 #define UNREF_LOG(name, p)                                                \
   gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG, "%s: %p unref %d -> %d %s", \
-          (name), (p), (p)->refs, (p)->refs - 1, reason)
+          (name), (p), (p)->refs.count, (p)->refs.count - 1, reason)
+#define REF_MUTATE_EXTRA_ARGS \
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS, const char *purpose
+#define REF_MUTATE_PURPOSE(x) , file, line, reason, x
 #else
-#define SUBCHANNEL_REF_LOCKED(p, r) subchannel_ref_locked((p))
-#define SUBCHANNEL_UNREF_LOCKED(p, r) subchannel_unref_locked((p))
-#define CONNECTION_REF_LOCKED(p, r) connection_ref_locked((p))
-#define CONNECTION_UNREF_LOCKED(cl, p, r) connection_unref_locked((cl), (p))
-#define REF_PASS_ARGS
-#define REF_PASS_REASON
+#define REF_REASON ""
 #define REF_LOG(name, p) \
   do {                   \
   } while (0)
 #define UNREF_LOG(name, p) \
   do {                     \
   } while (0)
+#define REF_MUTATE_EXTRA_ARGS
+#define REF_MUTATE_PURPOSE(x)
 #endif
 
 /*
  * connection implementation
  */
 
-static void connection_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, connection *c) {
-  GPR_ASSERT(c->refs == 0);
+static void connection_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                               int success) {
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *c = arg;
   grpc_channel_stack_destroy(exec_ctx, CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(c));
   gpr_free(c);
 }
 
-static void connection_ref_locked(connection *c
-                                      GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-  REF_LOG("CONNECTION", c);
-  subchannel_ref_locked(c->subchannel REF_PASS_ARGS);
-  ++c->refs;
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_ref(grpc_connected_subchannel *c
+                                       GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(c), REF_REASON);
 }
 
-static grpc_subchannel *connection_unref_locked(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, connection *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-  grpc_subchannel *destroy = NULL;
-  UNREF_LOG("CONNECTION", c);
-  if (subchannel_unref_locked(c->subchannel REF_PASS_ARGS)) {
-    destroy = c->subchannel;
-  }
-  if (--c->refs == 0 && c->subchannel->active != c) {
-    connection_destroy(exec_ctx, c);
-  }
-  return destroy;
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                     grpc_connected_subchannel *c
+                                         GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(c),
+                           REF_REASON);
 }
 
 /*
  * grpc_subchannel implementation
  */
 
-static void subchannel_ref_locked(grpc_subchannel *c
-                                      GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-  REF_LOG("SUBCHANNEL", c);
-  ++c->refs;
+static void subchannel_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                               int success) {
+  grpc_subchannel *c = arg;
+  gpr_free((void *)c->filters);
+  grpc_channel_args_destroy(c->args);
+  gpr_free(c->addr);
+  gpr_slice_unref(c->initial_connect_string);
+  grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker);
+  grpc_connector_unref(exec_ctx, c->connector);
+  grpc_pollset_set_destroy(&c->pollset_set);
+  gpr_free(c);
 }
 
-static int subchannel_unref_locked(grpc_subchannel *c
-                                       GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-  UNREF_LOG("SUBCHANNEL", c);
-  return --c->refs == 0;
+static gpr_atm ref_mutate(grpc_subchannel *c, gpr_atm delta,
+                          int barrier REF_MUTATE_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_val = barrier ? gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&c->ref_pair, delta)
+                            : gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&c->ref_pair, delta);
+#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+  gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
+          "SUBCHANNEL: %p % 12s 0x%08x -> 0x%08x [%s]", c, purpose, old_val,
+          old_val + delta, reason);
+#endif
+  return old_val;
 }
 
 void grpc_subchannel_ref(grpc_subchannel *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-  subchannel_ref_locked(c REF_PASS_ARGS);
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
+  gpr_atm old_refs;
+  old_refs = ref_mutate(c, (1 << INTERNAL_REF_BITS),
+                        0 REF_MUTATE_PURPOSE("STRONG_REF"));
+  GPR_ASSERT((old_refs & STRONG_REF_MASK) != 0);
 }
 
-void grpc_subchannel_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                           grpc_subchannel *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-  int destroy;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-  destroy = subchannel_unref_locked(c REF_PASS_ARGS);
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-  if (destroy) subchannel_destroy(exec_ctx, c);
+void grpc_subchannel_weak_ref(grpc_subchannel *c
+                                  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_refs;
+  old_refs = ref_mutate(c, 1, 0 REF_MUTATE_PURPOSE("WEAK_REF"));
+  GPR_ASSERT(old_refs != 0);
 }
 
-static void subchannel_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c) {
-  if (c->active != NULL) {
-    connection_destroy(exec_ctx, c->active);
+static void disconnect(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c) {
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *con;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!c->disconnected);
+  c->disconnected = 1;
+  grpc_connector_shutdown(exec_ctx, c->connector);
+  con = GET_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL(c, no_barrier);
+  if (con != NULL) {
+    GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, con, "connection");
+    gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&c->connected_subchannel, 0xdeadbeef);
   }
-  gpr_free((void *)c->filters);
-  grpc_channel_args_destroy(c->args);
-  gpr_free(c->addr);
-  gpr_slice_unref(c->initial_connect_string);
-  grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker);
-  grpc_connector_unref(exec_ctx, c->connector);
-  gpr_free(c);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
 }
 
-void grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                          grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, c->pollset_set, pollset);
+void grpc_subchannel_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                           grpc_subchannel *c GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_refs;
+  old_refs = ref_mutate(c, (gpr_atm)1 - (gpr_atm)(1 << INTERNAL_REF_BITS),
+                        1 REF_MUTATE_PURPOSE("STRONG_UNREF"));
+  if ((old_refs & STRONG_REF_MASK) == (1 << INTERNAL_REF_BITS)) {
+    disconnect(exec_ctx, c);
+  }
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "strong-unref");
 }
 
-void grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                          grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(exec_ctx, c->pollset_set, pollset);
+void grpc_subchannel_weak_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                grpc_subchannel *c
+                                    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
+  gpr_atm old_refs;
+  old_refs = ref_mutate(c, -(gpr_atm)1, 1 REF_MUTATE_PURPOSE("WEAK_UNREF"));
+  if (old_refs == 1) {
+    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, grpc_closure_create(subchannel_destroy, c),
+                          1);
+  }
 }
 
 static gpr_uint32 random_seed() {
@@ -293,10 +279,8 @@ static gpr_uint32 random_seed() {
 grpc_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_create(grpc_connector *connector,
                                         grpc_subchannel_args *args) {
   grpc_subchannel *c = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*c));
-  grpc_channel_element *parent_elem = grpc_channel_stack_last_element(
-      grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(args->master));
   memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
-  c->refs = 1;
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&c->ref_pair, 1 << INTERNAL_REF_BITS);
   c->connector = connector;
   grpc_connector_ref(c->connector);
   c->num_filters = args->filter_count;
@@ -305,13 +289,14 @@ grpc_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_create(grpc_connector *connector,
          sizeof(grpc_channel_filter *) * c->num_filters);
   c->addr = gpr_malloc(args->addr_len);
   memcpy(c->addr, args->addr, args->addr_len);
+  grpc_pollset_set_init(&c->pollset_set);
   c->addr_len = args->addr_len;
   grpc_set_initial_connect_string(&c->addr, &c->addr_len,
                                   &c->initial_connect_string);
   c->args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args->args);
-  c->master = args->master;
-  c->pollset_set = grpc_client_channel_get_connecting_pollset_set(parent_elem);
   c->random = random_seed();
+  c->root_external_state_watcher.next = c->root_external_state_watcher.prev =
+      &c->root_external_state_watcher;
   grpc_closure_init(&c->connected, subchannel_connected, c);
   grpc_connectivity_state_init(&c->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
                                "subchannel");
@@ -319,70 +304,18 @@ grpc_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_create(grpc_connector *connector,
   return c;
 }
 
-static void cancel_waiting_calls(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                 grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
-                                 int iomgr_success) {
-  waiting_for_connect *w4c;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&subchannel->mu);
-  w4c = subchannel->waiting;
-  subchannel->waiting = NULL;
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&subchannel->mu);
-  while (w4c != NULL) {
-    waiting_for_connect *next = w4c->next;
-    grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, w4c->subchannel,
-                                         w4c->pollset);
-    if (w4c->notify) {
-      w4c->notify->cb(exec_ctx, w4c->notify->cb_arg, iomgr_success);
-    }
-
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, w4c->subchannel, "waiting_for_connect");
-    gpr_free(w4c);
-
-    w4c = next;
-  }
-}
-
-void grpc_subchannel_cancel_create_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                        grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
-                                        gpr_atm *target) {
-  waiting_for_connect *w4c;
-  int unref_count = 0;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&subchannel->mu);
-  w4c = subchannel->waiting;
-  subchannel->waiting = NULL;
-  while (w4c != NULL) {
-    waiting_for_connect *next = w4c->next;
-    if (w4c->target == target) {
-      grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, w4c->subchannel,
-                                           w4c->pollset);
-      grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, w4c->notify, 0);
-
-      unref_count++;
-      gpr_free(w4c);
-    } else {
-      w4c->next = subchannel->waiting;
-      subchannel->waiting = w4c;
-    }
-
-    w4c = next;
-  }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&subchannel->mu);
-
-  while (unref_count-- > 0) {
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, subchannel, "waiting_for_connect");
-  }
-}
-
 static void continue_connect(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c) {
   grpc_connect_in_args args;
 
-  args.interested_parties = c->pollset_set;
+  args.interested_parties = &c->pollset_set;
   args.addr = c->addr;
   args.addr_len = c->addr_len;
   args.deadline = compute_connect_deadline(c);
   args.channel_args = c->args;
   args.initial_connect_string = c->initial_connect_string;
 
+  grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker,
+                              GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING, "state_change");
   grpc_connector_connect(exec_ctx, c->connector, &args, &c->connecting_result,
                          &c->connected);
 }
@@ -395,66 +328,6 @@ static void start_connect(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c) {
   continue_connect(exec_ctx, c);
 }
 
-static void continue_creating_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
-                                   int iomgr_success) {
-  int call_creation_finished_ok;
-  waiting_for_connect *w4c = arg;
-  grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, w4c->subchannel, w4c->pollset);
-  call_creation_finished_ok = grpc_subchannel_create_call(
-      exec_ctx, w4c->subchannel, w4c->pollset, w4c->target, w4c->notify);
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_creation_finished_ok == 1);
-  w4c->notify->cb(exec_ctx, w4c->notify->cb_arg, iomgr_success);
-  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, w4c->subchannel, "waiting_for_connect");
-  gpr_free(w4c);
-}
-
-int grpc_subchannel_create_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_atm *target,
-                                grpc_closure *notify) {
-  connection *con;
-  grpc_subchannel_call *call;
-  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_subchannel_create_call", 0);
-  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-  if (c->active != NULL) {
-    con = c->active;
-    CONNECTION_REF_LOCKED(con, "call");
-    gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-
-    call = create_call(exec_ctx, con, pollset);
-    if (!gpr_atm_rel_cas(target, 0, (gpr_atm)(gpr_uintptr)call)) {
-      GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_UNREF(exec_ctx, call, "failed to set");
-    }
-    GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_subchannel_create_call", 0);
-    return 1;
-  } else {
-    waiting_for_connect *w4c = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*w4c));
-    w4c->next = c->waiting;
-    w4c->notify = notify;
-    w4c->pollset = pollset;
-    w4c->target = target;
-    w4c->subchannel = c;
-    /* released when clearing w4c */
-    SUBCHANNEL_REF_LOCKED(c, "waiting_for_connect");
-    grpc_closure_init(&w4c->continuation, continue_creating_call, w4c);
-    c->waiting = w4c;
-    grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(exec_ctx, c, pollset);
-    if (!c->connecting) {
-      c->connecting = 1;
-      connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "create_call");
-      /* released by connection */
-      SUBCHANNEL_REF_LOCKED(c, "connecting");
-      GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(c->master, "connecting");
-      gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-
-      start_connect(exec_ctx, c);
-    } else {
-      gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-    }
-    GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_subchannel_create_call", 0);
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
 grpc_connectivity_state grpc_subchannel_check_connectivity(grpc_subchannel *c) {
   grpc_connectivity_state state;
   gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
@@ -463,153 +336,138 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_subchannel_check_connectivity(grpc_subchannel *c) {
   return state;
 }
 
-void grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                            grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                            grpc_connectivity_state *state,
-                                            grpc_closure *notify) {
-  int do_connect = 0;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-  if (grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
-          exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker, state, notify)) {
-    do_connect = 1;
-    c->connecting = 1;
-    /* released by connection */
-    SUBCHANNEL_REF_LOCKED(c, "connecting");
-    GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(c->master, "connecting");
-    connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "state_change");
+static void on_external_state_watcher_done(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                                           int success) {
+  external_state_watcher *w = arg;
+  grpc_closure *follow_up = w->notify;
+  if (w->pollset_set != NULL) {
+    grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(exec_ctx, &w->subchannel->pollset_set,
+                                     w->pollset_set);
   }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-
-  if (do_connect) {
-    start_connect(exec_ctx, c);
-  }
-}
-
-int grpc_subchannel_state_change_unsubscribe(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                             grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                             grpc_closure *subscribed_notify) {
-  int success;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-  success = grpc_connectivity_state_change_unsubscribe(
-      exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker, subscribed_notify);
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-  return success;
-}
-
-void grpc_subchannel_process_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                          grpc_transport_op *op) {
-  connection *con = NULL;
-  grpc_subchannel *destroy;
-  int cancel_alarm = 0;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-  if (c->active != NULL) {
-    con = c->active;
-    CONNECTION_REF_LOCKED(con, "transport-op");
-  }
-  if (op->disconnect) {
-    c->disconnected = 1;
-    connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "disconnect");
-    if (c->have_alarm) {
-      cancel_alarm = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-
-  if (con != NULL) {
-    grpc_channel_stack *channel_stack = CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con);
-    grpc_channel_element *top_elem =
-        grpc_channel_stack_element(channel_stack, 0);
-    top_elem->filter->start_transport_op(exec_ctx, top_elem, op);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&w->subchannel->mu);
+  w->next->prev = w->prev;
+  w->prev->next = w->next;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&w->subchannel->mu);
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, w->subchannel, "external_state_watcher");
+  gpr_free(w);
+  follow_up->cb(exec_ctx, follow_up->cb_arg, success);
+}
+
+void grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c,
+    grpc_pollset_set *interested_parties, grpc_connectivity_state *state,
+    grpc_closure *notify) {
+  int do_connect = 0;
+  external_state_watcher *w;
 
+  if (state == NULL) {
     gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
-    destroy = CONNECTION_UNREF_LOCKED(exec_ctx, con, "transport-op");
+    for (w = c->root_external_state_watcher.next;
+         w != &c->root_external_state_watcher; w = w->next) {
+      if (w->notify == notify) {
+        grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
+            exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker, NULL, &w->closure);
+      }
+    }
     gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-    if (destroy) {
-      subchannel_destroy(exec_ctx, destroy);
+  } else {
+    w = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*w));
+    w->subchannel = c;
+    w->pollset_set = interested_parties;
+    w->notify = notify;
+    grpc_closure_init(&w->closure, on_external_state_watcher_done, w);
+    if (interested_parties != NULL) {
+      grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset_set(exec_ctx, &c->pollset_set,
+                                       interested_parties);
     }
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_REF(c, "external_state_watcher");
+    gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
+    w->next = &c->root_external_state_watcher;
+    w->prev = w->next->prev;
+    w->next->prev = w->prev->next = w;
+    if (grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
+            exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker, state, &w->closure)) {
+      do_connect = 1;
+      c->connecting = 1;
+      /* released by connection */
+      GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_REF(c, "connecting");
+    }
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
   }
 
-  if (cancel_alarm) {
-    grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &c->alarm);
+  if (do_connect) {
+    start_connect(exec_ctx, c);
   }
+}
 
-  if (op->disconnect) {
-    grpc_connector_shutdown(exec_ctx, c->connector);
-  }
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_process_transport_op(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connected_subchannel *con,
+    grpc_transport_op *op) {
+  grpc_channel_stack *channel_stack = CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con);
+  grpc_channel_element *top_elem = grpc_channel_stack_element(channel_stack, 0);
+  top_elem->filter->start_transport_op(exec_ctx, top_elem, op);
 }
 
-static void on_state_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *p,
-                             int iomgr_success) {
+static void subchannel_on_child_state_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *p,
+                                              int iomgr_success) {
   state_watcher *sw = p;
   grpc_subchannel *c = sw->subchannel;
   gpr_mu *mu = &c->mu;
-  int destroy;
-  grpc_transport_op op;
-  grpc_channel_element *elem;
-  connection *destroy_connection = NULL;
 
   gpr_mu_lock(mu);
 
-  /* if we failed or there is a version number mismatch, just leave
-     this closure */
-  if (!iomgr_success || sw->subchannel->active_version != sw->version) {
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  switch (sw->connectivity_state) {
-    case GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING:
-    case GRPC_CHANNEL_READY:
-    case GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE:
-      /* all is still good: keep watching */
-      memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-      op.connectivity_state = &sw->connectivity_state;
-      op.on_connectivity_state_change = &sw->closure;
-      elem = grpc_channel_stack_element(
-          CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(c->active), 0);
-      elem->filter->start_transport_op(exec_ctx, elem, &op);
-      /* early out */
-      gpr_mu_unlock(mu);
-      return;
-    case GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE:
-    case GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE:
-      /* things have gone wrong, deactivate and enter idle */
-      if (sw->subchannel->active->refs == 0) {
-        destroy_connection = sw->subchannel->active;
-      }
-      sw->subchannel->active = NULL;
-      grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker,
-                                  c->disconnected
-                                      ? GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE
-                                      : GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
-                                  "connection_failed");
-      break;
+  /* if we failed just leave this closure */
+  if (iomgr_success) {
+    if (sw->connectivity_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE) {
+      /* any errors on a subchannel ==> we're done, create a new one */
+      sw->connectivity_state = GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE;
+    }
+    grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker,
+                                sw->connectivity_state, "reflect_child");
+    if (sw->connectivity_state != GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE) {
+      grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+          exec_ctx, GET_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL(c, no_barrier), NULL,
+          &sw->connectivity_state, &sw->closure);
+      GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_REF(c, "state_watcher");
+      sw = NULL;
+    }
   }
 
-done:
-  connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "transport_state_changed");
-  destroy = SUBCHANNEL_UNREF_LOCKED(c, "state_watcher");
-  gpr_free(sw);
   gpr_mu_unlock(mu);
-  if (destroy) {
-    subchannel_destroy(exec_ctx, c);
-  }
-  if (destroy_connection != NULL) {
-    connection_destroy(exec_ctx, destroy_connection);
-  }
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "state_watcher");
+  gpr_free(sw);
+}
+
+static void connected_subchannel_state_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                          grpc_connected_subchannel *con,
+                                          grpc_pollset_set *interested_parties,
+                                          grpc_connectivity_state *state,
+                                          grpc_closure *closure) {
+  grpc_transport_op op;
+  grpc_channel_element *elem;
+  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+  op.connectivity_state = state;
+  op.on_connectivity_state_change = closure;
+  op.bind_pollset_set = interested_parties;
+  elem = grpc_channel_stack_element(CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con), 0);
+  elem->filter->start_transport_op(exec_ctx, elem, &op);
+}
+
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connected_subchannel *con,
+    grpc_pollset_set *interested_parties, grpc_connectivity_state *state,
+    grpc_closure *closure) {
+  connected_subchannel_state_op(exec_ctx, con, interested_parties, state,
+                                closure);
 }
 
 static void publish_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c) {
   size_t channel_stack_size;
-  connection *con;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *con;
   grpc_channel_stack *stk;
   size_t num_filters;
   const grpc_channel_filter **filters;
-  waiting_for_connect *w4c;
-  grpc_transport_op op;
-  state_watcher *sw;
-  connection *destroy_connection = NULL;
-  grpc_channel_element *elem;
+  state_watcher *sw_subchannel;
 
   /* build final filter list */
   num_filters = c->num_filters + c->connecting_result.num_filters + 1;
@@ -621,74 +479,52 @@ static void publish_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *c) {
 
   /* construct channel stack */
   channel_stack_size = grpc_channel_stack_size(filters, num_filters);
-  con = gpr_malloc(sizeof(connection) + channel_stack_size);
-  stk = (grpc_channel_stack *)(con + 1);
-  con->refs = 0;
-  con->subchannel = c;
-  grpc_channel_stack_init(exec_ctx, filters, num_filters, c->master, c->args,
-                          stk);
+  con = gpr_malloc(channel_stack_size);
+  stk = CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con);
+  grpc_channel_stack_init(exec_ctx, 1, connection_destroy, con, filters,
+                          num_filters, c->args, "CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL", stk);
   grpc_connected_channel_bind_transport(stk, c->connecting_result.transport);
   gpr_free((void *)c->connecting_result.filters);
   memset(&c->connecting_result, 0, sizeof(c->connecting_result));
 
   /* initialize state watcher */
-  sw = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*sw));
-  grpc_closure_init(&sw->closure, on_state_changed, sw);
-  sw->subchannel = c;
-  sw->connectivity_state = GRPC_CHANNEL_READY;
+  sw_subchannel = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*sw_subchannel));
+  sw_subchannel->subchannel = c;
+  sw_subchannel->connectivity_state = GRPC_CHANNEL_READY;
+  grpc_closure_init(&sw_subchannel->closure, subchannel_on_child_state_changed,
+                    sw_subchannel);
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
 
   if (c->disconnected) {
     gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-    gpr_free(sw);
+    gpr_free(sw_subchannel);
     gpr_free((void *)filters);
     grpc_channel_stack_destroy(exec_ctx, stk);
-    GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_UNREF(exec_ctx, c->master, "connecting");
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "connecting");
+    gpr_free(con);
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "connecting");
     return;
   }
 
   /* publish */
-  if (c->active != NULL && c->active->refs == 0) {
-    destroy_connection = c->active;
-  }
-  c->active = con;
-  c->active_version++;
-  sw->version = c->active_version;
+  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_atm_no_barrier_cas(&c->connected_subchannel, 0, (gpr_atm)con));
   c->connecting = 0;
 
-  /* watch for changes; subchannel ref for connecting is donated
+  /* setup subchannel watching connected subchannel for changes; subchannel ref
+     for connecting is donated
      to the state watcher */
-  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.connectivity_state = &sw->connectivity_state;
-  op.on_connectivity_state_change = &sw->closure;
-  op.bind_pollset_set = c->pollset_set;
-  SUBCHANNEL_REF_LOCKED(c, "state_watcher");
-  GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_UNREF(exec_ctx, c->master, "connecting");
-  GPR_ASSERT(!SUBCHANNEL_UNREF_LOCKED(c, "connecting"));
-  elem =
-      grpc_channel_stack_element(CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(c->active), 0);
-  elem->filter->start_transport_op(exec_ctx, elem, &op);
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_REF(c, "state_watcher");
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "connecting");
+  grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+      exec_ctx, con, &c->pollset_set, &sw_subchannel->connectivity_state,
+      &sw_subchannel->closure);
 
   /* signal completion */
-  connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "connected");
-  w4c = c->waiting;
-  c->waiting = NULL;
+  grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_READY,
+                              "connected");
 
   gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
-
-  while (w4c != NULL) {
-    waiting_for_connect *next = w4c->next;
-    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, &w4c->continuation, 1);
-    w4c = next;
-  }
-
   gpr_free((void *)filters);
-
-  if (destroy_connection != NULL) {
-    connection_destroy(exec_ctx, destroy_connection);
-  }
 }
 
 /* Generate a random number between 0 and 1. */
@@ -742,29 +578,31 @@ static void on_alarm(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int iomgr_success) {
   if (c->disconnected) {
     iomgr_success = 0;
   }
-  connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "alarm");
   gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
   if (iomgr_success) {
     update_reconnect_parameters(c);
     continue_connect(exec_ctx, c);
   } else {
-    cancel_waiting_calls(exec_ctx, c, iomgr_success);
-    GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_UNREF(exec_ctx, c->master, "connecting");
-    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "connecting");
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "connecting");
   }
 }
 
 static void subchannel_connected(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                  int iomgr_success) {
   grpc_subchannel *c = arg;
+
   if (c->connecting_result.transport != NULL) {
     publish_transport(exec_ctx, c);
+  } else if (c->disconnected) {
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, c, "connecting");
   } else {
     gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
     gpr_mu_lock(&c->mu);
     GPR_ASSERT(!c->have_alarm);
     c->have_alarm = 1;
-    connectivity_state_changed_locked(exec_ctx, c, "connect_failed");
+    grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker,
+                                GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
+                                "connect_failed");
     grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &c->alarm, c->next_attempt, on_alarm, c, now);
     gpr_mu_unlock(&c->mu);
   }
@@ -781,29 +619,6 @@ static gpr_timespec compute_connect_deadline(grpc_subchannel *c) {
                                                           : min_deadline;
 }
 
-static grpc_connectivity_state compute_connectivity_locked(grpc_subchannel *c) {
-  if (c->disconnected) {
-    return GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE;
-  }
-  if (c->connecting) {
-    if (c->have_alarm) {
-      return GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE;
-    }
-    return GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING;
-  }
-  if (c->active) {
-    return GRPC_CHANNEL_READY;
-  }
-  return GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
-}
-
-static void connectivity_state_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              grpc_subchannel *c,
-                                              const char *reason) {
-  grpc_connectivity_state current = compute_connectivity_locked(c);
-  grpc_connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, &c->state_tracker, current, reason);
-}
-
 /*
  * grpc_subchannel_call implementation
  */
@@ -811,37 +626,22 @@ static void connectivity_state_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 static void subchannel_call_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *call,
                                     int success) {
   grpc_subchannel_call *c = call;
-  gpr_mu *mu = &c->connection->subchannel->mu;
-  grpc_subchannel *destroy;
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_subchannel_call_unref.destroy", 0);
   grpc_call_stack_destroy(exec_ctx, SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c));
-  gpr_mu_lock(mu);
-  destroy = CONNECTION_UNREF_LOCKED(exec_ctx, c->connection, "call");
-  gpr_mu_unlock(mu);
+  GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, c->connection, "subchannel_call");
   gpr_free(c);
-  if (destroy != NULL) {
-    subchannel_destroy(exec_ctx, destroy);
-  }
   GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_subchannel_call_unref.destroy", 0);
 }
 
 void grpc_subchannel_call_ref(grpc_subchannel_call *c
                                   GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-  grpc_call_stack_ref(SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c), reason);
-#else
-  grpc_call_stack_ref(SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c));
-#endif
+  GRPC_CALL_STACK_REF(SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c), REF_REASON);
 }
 
 void grpc_subchannel_call_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                 grpc_subchannel_call *c
                                     GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS) {
-#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-  grpc_call_stack_unref(exec_ctx, SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c), reason);
-#else
-  grpc_call_stack_unref(exec_ctx, SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c));
-#endif
+  GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(c), REF_REASON);
 }
 
 char *grpc_subchannel_call_get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -859,24 +659,26 @@ void grpc_subchannel_call_process_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   top_elem->filter->start_transport_stream_op(exec_ctx, top_elem, op);
 }
 
-static grpc_subchannel_call *create_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                         connection *con,
-                                         grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+grpc_connected_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_get_connected_subchannel(
+    grpc_subchannel *c) {
+  return GET_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL(c, acq);
+}
+
+grpc_subchannel_call *grpc_connected_subchannel_create_call(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connected_subchannel *con,
+    grpc_pollset *pollset) {
   grpc_channel_stack *chanstk = CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CONNECTION(con);
   grpc_subchannel_call *call =
       gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_subchannel_call) + chanstk->call_stack_size);
   grpc_call_stack *callstk = SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(call);
   call->connection = con;
+  GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_REF(con, "subchannel_call");
   grpc_call_stack_init(exec_ctx, chanstk, 1, subchannel_call_destroy, call,
                        NULL, NULL, callstk);
   grpc_call_stack_set_pollset(exec_ctx, callstk, pollset);
   return call;
 }
 
-grpc_channel *grpc_subchannel_get_master(grpc_subchannel *subchannel) {
-  return subchannel->master;
-}
-
 grpc_call_stack *grpc_subchannel_call_get_call_stack(
     grpc_subchannel_call *subchannel_call) {
   return SUBCHANNEL_CALL_TO_CALL_STACK(subchannel_call);
diff --git a/src/core/client_config/subchannel.h b/src/core/client_config/subchannel.h
index 85ea3739e4aca892ad9f310612637714adb8f550..74ebcecfba41f37e9145f068bc3259fbfd84bd14 100644
--- a/src/core/client_config/subchannel.h
+++ b/src/core/client_config/subchannel.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 /** A (sub-)channel that knows how to connect to exactly one target
     address. Provides a target for load balancing. */
 typedef struct grpc_subchannel grpc_subchannel;
+typedef struct grpc_connected_subchannel grpc_connected_subchannel;
 typedef struct grpc_subchannel_call grpc_subchannel_call;
 typedef struct grpc_subchannel_args grpc_subchannel_args;
 
@@ -49,6 +50,14 @@ typedef struct grpc_subchannel_args grpc_subchannel_args;
   grpc_subchannel_ref((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
   grpc_subchannel_unref((cl), (p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
+#define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_REF(p, r) \
+  grpc_subchannel_weak_ref((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
+#define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
+  grpc_subchannel_weak_unref((cl), (p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
+#define GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_REF(p, r) \
+  grpc_connected_subchannel_ref((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
+#define GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
+  grpc_connected_subchannel_unref((cl), (p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_REF(p, r) \
   grpc_subchannel_call_ref((p), __FILE__, __LINE__, (r))
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
@@ -58,6 +67,12 @@ typedef struct grpc_subchannel_args grpc_subchannel_args;
 #else
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF(p, r) grpc_subchannel_ref((p))
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(cl, p, r) grpc_subchannel_unref((cl), (p))
+#define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_REF(p, r) grpc_subchannel_weak_ref((p))
+#define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_WEAK_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
+  grpc_subchannel_weak_unref((cl), (p))
+#define GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_REF(p, r) grpc_connected_subchannel_ref((p))
+#define GRPC_CONNECTED_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
+  grpc_connected_subchannel_unref((cl), (p))
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_REF(p, r) grpc_subchannel_call_ref((p))
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_CALL_UNREF(cl, p, r) \
   grpc_subchannel_call_unref((cl), (p))
@@ -69,33 +84,31 @@ void grpc_subchannel_ref(grpc_subchannel *channel
 void grpc_subchannel_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                            grpc_subchannel *channel
                                GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
+void grpc_subchannel_weak_ref(grpc_subchannel *channel
+                                  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
+void grpc_subchannel_weak_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                grpc_subchannel *channel
+                                    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_ref(grpc_connected_subchannel *channel
+                                       GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                     grpc_connected_subchannel *channel
+                                         GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
 void grpc_subchannel_call_ref(grpc_subchannel_call *call
                                   GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
 void grpc_subchannel_call_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                 grpc_subchannel_call *call
                                     GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF_EXTRA_ARGS);
 
-/** construct a subchannel call (possibly asynchronously).
- *
- * If the returned status is 1, the call will return immediately and \a target
- * will point to a connected \a subchannel_call instance. Note that \a notify
- * will \em not be invoked in this case.
- * Otherwise, if the returned status is 0, the subchannel call will be created
- * asynchronously, invoking the \a notify callback upon completion. */
-int grpc_subchannel_create_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
-                                grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_atm *target,
-                                grpc_closure *notify);
-
-/** cancel \a call in the waiting state. */
-void grpc_subchannel_cancel_create_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                        grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
-                                        gpr_atm *target);
+/** construct a subchannel call */
+grpc_subchannel_call *grpc_connected_subchannel_create_call(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connected_subchannel *connected_subchannel,
+    grpc_pollset *pollset);
 
 /** process a transport level op */
-void grpc_subchannel_process_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          grpc_subchannel *subchannel,
-                                          grpc_transport_op *op);
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_process_transport_op(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connected_subchannel *subchannel,
+    grpc_transport_op *op);
 
 /** poll the current connectivity state of a channel */
 grpc_connectivity_state grpc_subchannel_check_connectivity(
@@ -103,26 +116,19 @@ grpc_connectivity_state grpc_subchannel_check_connectivity(
 
 /** call notify when the connectivity state of a channel changes from *state.
     Updates *state with the new state of the channel */
-void grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                            grpc_subchannel *channel,
-                                            grpc_connectivity_state *state,
-                                            grpc_closure *notify);
-
-/** Remove \a subscribed_notify from the list of closures to be called on a
- * state change if present, returning 1. Otherwise, nothing is done and return
- * 0. */
-int grpc_subchannel_state_change_unsubscribe(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                             grpc_subchannel *channel,
-                                             grpc_closure *subscribed_notify);
-
-/** express interest in \a channel's activities through \a pollset. */
-void grpc_subchannel_add_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          grpc_subchannel *channel,
-                                          grpc_pollset *pollset);
-/** stop following \a channel's activity through \a pollset. */
-void grpc_subchannel_del_interested_party(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                          grpc_subchannel *channel,
-                                          grpc_pollset *pollset);
+void grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_subchannel *channel,
+    grpc_pollset_set *interested_parties, grpc_connectivity_state *state,
+    grpc_closure *notify);
+void grpc_connected_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connected_subchannel *channel,
+    grpc_pollset_set *interested_parties, grpc_connectivity_state *state,
+    grpc_closure *notify);
+
+/** retrieve the grpc_connected_subchannel - or NULL if called before
+    the subchannel becomes connected */
+grpc_connected_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_get_connected_subchannel(
+    grpc_subchannel *subchannel);
 
 /** continue processing a transport op */
 void grpc_subchannel_call_process_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -147,15 +153,10 @@ struct grpc_subchannel_args {
   /** Address to connect to */
   struct sockaddr *addr;
   size_t addr_len;
-  /** master channel */
-  grpc_channel *master;
 };
 
 /** create a subchannel given a connector */
 grpc_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_create(grpc_connector *connector,
                                         grpc_subchannel_args *args);
 
-/** Return the master channel associated with the subchannel */
-grpc_channel *grpc_subchannel_get_master(grpc_subchannel *subchannel);
-
 #endif /* GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_CLIENT_CONFIG_SUBCHANNEL_H */
diff --git a/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.c b/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.c
index a87f1aa87bcba0005f0827f7ca688266b45a8950..b5cd8d8d2acc88dacb92ec3a101c3c7bae205942 100644
--- a/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.c
+++ b/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.c
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ typedef struct {
   size_t next_address;
   grpc_endpoint *ep;
   char *host;
+  char *ssl_host_override;
   gpr_timespec deadline;
   int have_read_byte;
   const grpc_httpcli_handshaker *handshaker;
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ static void finish(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, internal_request *req,
   }
   gpr_slice_unref(req->request_text);
   gpr_free(req->host);
+  gpr_free(req->ssl_host_override);
   grpc_iomgr_unregister_object(&req->iomgr_obj);
   gpr_slice_buffer_destroy(&req->incoming);
   gpr_slice_buffer_destroy(&req->outgoing);
@@ -180,8 +182,10 @@ static void on_connected(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
     next_address(exec_ctx, req);
     return;
   }
-  req->handshaker->handshake(exec_ctx, req, req->ep, req->host,
-                             on_handshake_done);
+  req->handshaker->handshake(
+      exec_ctx, req, req->ep,
+      req->ssl_host_override ? req->ssl_host_override : req->host,
+      on_handshake_done);
 }
 
 static void next_address(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, internal_request *req) {
@@ -231,6 +235,7 @@ static void internal_request_begin(
   gpr_slice_buffer_init(&req->outgoing);
   grpc_iomgr_register_object(&req->iomgr_obj, name);
   req->host = gpr_strdup(request->host);
+  req->ssl_host_override = gpr_strdup(request->ssl_host_override);
 
   grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(exec_ctx, &req->context->pollset_set,
                                req->pollset);
diff --git a/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.h b/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.h
index 6469c2f03e7e9d7c677b15d1d805b98c66fd2c70..30875d71f13b7767f325e1d25ea39d0e7593a266 100644
--- a/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.h
+++ b/src/core/httpcli/httpcli.h
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ extern const grpc_httpcli_handshaker grpc_httpcli_ssl;
 typedef struct grpc_httpcli_request {
   /* The host name to connect to */
   char *host;
+  /* The host to verify in the SSL handshake (or NULL) */
+  char *ssl_host_override;
   /* The path of the resource to fetch */
   char *path;
   /* Additional headers: count and key/values; the following are supplied
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.c b/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.c
index 2be0ea235f901cf137413fd95b5a560e369e56c4..00710d83bdff6ab6899fc8fde738441f5bb8a31c 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
 #include <grpc/support/useful.h>
 
 #define CLOSURE_NOT_READY ((grpc_closure *)0)
@@ -158,7 +159,10 @@ void grpc_fd_global_shutdown(void) {
 
 grpc_fd *grpc_fd_create(int fd, const char *name) {
   grpc_fd *r = alloc_fd(fd);
-  grpc_iomgr_register_object(&r->iomgr_object, name);
+  char *name2;
+  gpr_asprintf(&name2, "%s fd=%d", name, fd);
+  grpc_iomgr_register_object(&r->iomgr_object, name2);
+  gpr_free(name2);
 #ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
   gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p create %s", fd, r, name);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.h b/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.h
index d628ef3aaf26b2df39fb6c938b0e58df5475e83e..df4eb64d4c90a7eeeb1660b7fc836739ee72ee70 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.h
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.h
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ void grpc_fd_become_readable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd);
 void grpc_fd_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd);
 
 /* Reference counting for fds */
+/*#define GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG*/
 #ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
 void grpc_fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file, int line);
 void grpc_fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file, int line);
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set.h b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set.h
index 0fdcba01a4b60951367162221706e603ec91e6af..09c04438f71e5aa98f3aa6866fd796ed8debc6bf 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set.h
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set.h
@@ -49,13 +49,19 @@
 #include "src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_windows.h"
 #endif
 
-void grpc_pollset_set_init(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set);
-void grpc_pollset_set_destroy(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set);
-void grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
-                                  grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set,
-                                  grpc_pollset* pollset);
-void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
-                                  grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set,
-                                  grpc_pollset* pollset);
+void grpc_pollset_set_init(grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set);
+void grpc_pollset_set_destroy(grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set);
+void grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                  grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set,
+                                  grpc_pollset *pollset);
+void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                  grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set,
+                                  grpc_pollset *pollset);
+void grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *item);
+void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *item);
 
 #endif /* GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_IOMGR_POLLSET_H */
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.c b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.c
index c86ed3d5da69e0e742d6132dcee3856a869a3386..4ec92202e30d3cc30bb3d69c21b026f58987934f 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.c
@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@ void grpc_pollset_set_destroy(grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set) {
   size_t i;
   gpr_mu_destroy(&pollset_set->mu);
   for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
-    GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset");
+    GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset_set");
   }
   gpr_free(pollset_set->pollsets);
+  gpr_free(pollset_set->pollset_sets);
   gpr_free(pollset_set->fds);
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ void grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   pollset_set->pollsets[pollset_set->pollset_count++] = pollset;
   for (i = 0, j = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
     if (grpc_fd_is_orphaned(pollset_set->fds[i])) {
-      GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset");
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset_set");
     } else {
       grpc_pollset_add_fd(exec_ctx, pollset, pollset_set->fds[i]);
       pollset_set->fds[j++] = pollset_set->fds[i];
@@ -99,6 +100,46 @@ void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
 }
 
+void grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *item) {
+  size_t i, j;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&bag->mu);
+  if (bag->pollset_set_count == bag->pollset_set_capacity) {
+    bag->pollset_set_capacity = GPR_MAX(8, 2 * bag->pollset_set_capacity);
+    bag->pollset_sets =
+        gpr_realloc(bag->pollset_sets,
+                    bag->pollset_set_capacity * sizeof(*bag->pollset_sets));
+  }
+  bag->pollset_sets[bag->pollset_set_count++] = item;
+  for (i = 0, j = 0; i < bag->fd_count; i++) {
+    if (grpc_fd_is_orphaned(bag->fds[i])) {
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(bag->fds[i], "pollset_set");
+    } else {
+      grpc_pollset_set_add_fd(exec_ctx, item, bag->fds[i]);
+      bag->fds[j++] = bag->fds[i];
+    }
+  }
+  bag->fd_count = j;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&bag->mu);
+}
+
+void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set *item) {
+  size_t i;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&bag->mu);
+  for (i = 0; i < bag->pollset_set_count; i++) {
+    if (bag->pollset_sets[i] == item) {
+      bag->pollset_set_count--;
+      GPR_SWAP(grpc_pollset_set *, bag->pollset_sets[i],
+               bag->pollset_sets[bag->pollset_set_count]);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&bag->mu);
+}
+
 void grpc_pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                              grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set, grpc_fd *fd) {
   size_t i;
@@ -113,6 +154,9 @@ void grpc_pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_count; i++) {
     grpc_pollset_add_fd(exec_ctx, pollset_set->pollsets[i], fd);
   }
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_set_count; i++) {
+    grpc_pollset_set_add_fd(exec_ctx, pollset_set->pollset_sets[i], fd);
+  }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
 }
 
@@ -129,6 +173,9 @@ void grpc_pollset_set_del_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       break;
     }
   }
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_set_count; i++) {
+    grpc_pollset_set_del_fd(exec_ctx, pollset_set->pollset_sets[i], fd);
+  }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.h b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.h
index 05234fb642f0f64dc9e274348a4926da51d5aa6f..4820a61e4b29d05140b5bba753e7c37cfcd4f437 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.h
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_posix.h
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ typedef struct grpc_pollset_set {
   size_t pollset_capacity;
   grpc_pollset **pollsets;
 
+  size_t pollset_set_count;
+  size_t pollset_set_capacity;
+  struct grpc_pollset_set **pollset_sets;
+
   size_t fd_count;
   size_t fd_capacity;
   grpc_fd **fds;
diff --git a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_windows.c b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_windows.c
index 53d5d3dcd477d0c8d93cc406da486d930695760b..157b46ec32a6a1b05c9546e61a88895b4f9365df 100644
--- a/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_windows.c
+++ b/src/core/iomgr/pollset_set_windows.c
@@ -49,4 +49,12 @@ void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
                                   grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set,
                                   grpc_pollset* pollset) {}
 
+void grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set* bag,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set* item) {}
+
+void grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set* bag,
+                                      grpc_pollset_set* item) {}
+
 #endif /* GPR_WINSOCK_SOCKET */
diff --git a/src/core/security/credentials.c b/src/core/security/credentials.c
index 543c75044b94927794f5d36e2be81c988b7c8b4a..38a6710cd47521c1b65e5a0b6855e16112563f89 100644
--- a/src/core/security/credentials.c
+++ b/src/core/security/credentials.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 #include "src/core/channel/channel_args.h"
 #include "src/core/channel/http_client_filter.h"
 #include "src/core/httpcli/httpcli.h"
-#include "src/core/iomgr/iomgr.h"
+#include "src/core/iomgr/executor.h"
 #include "src/core/json/json.h"
 #include "src/core/support/string.h"
 #include "src/core/surface/api_trace.h"
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
 #include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
 #include <grpc/support/sync.h>
-#include <grpc/support/thd.h>
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 
 /* -- Common. -- */
@@ -792,15 +791,14 @@ static void md_only_test_destruct(grpc_call_credentials *creds) {
   grpc_credentials_md_store_unref(c->md_store);
 }
 
-static void on_simulated_token_fetch_done(void *user_data) {
+static void on_simulated_token_fetch_done(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                          void *user_data, int success) {
   grpc_credentials_metadata_request *r =
       (grpc_credentials_metadata_request *)user_data;
   grpc_md_only_test_credentials *c = (grpc_md_only_test_credentials *)r->creds;
-  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
-  r->cb(&exec_ctx, r->user_data, c->md_store->entries, c->md_store->num_entries,
+  r->cb(exec_ctx, r->user_data, c->md_store->entries, c->md_store->num_entries,
         GRPC_CREDENTIALS_OK);
   grpc_credentials_metadata_request_destroy(r);
-  grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
 }
 
 static void md_only_test_get_request_metadata(
@@ -810,10 +808,10 @@ static void md_only_test_get_request_metadata(
   grpc_md_only_test_credentials *c = (grpc_md_only_test_credentials *)creds;
 
   if (c->is_async) {
-    gpr_thd_id thd_id;
     grpc_credentials_metadata_request *cb_arg =
         grpc_credentials_metadata_request_create(creds, cb, user_data);
-    gpr_thd_new(&thd_id, on_simulated_token_fetch_done, cb_arg, NULL);
+    grpc_executor_enqueue(
+        grpc_closure_create(on_simulated_token_fetch_done, cb_arg), 1);
   } else {
     cb(exec_ctx, user_data, c->md_store->entries, 1, GRPC_CREDENTIALS_OK);
   }
diff --git a/src/core/support/cmdline.c b/src/core/support/cmdline.c
index 87f60bca2ee03b0e129453551594ae872c9edbc8..b517f30b2d3a3a75393c06ecf3fbae3d61e0d7f7 100644
--- a/src/core/support/cmdline.c
+++ b/src/core/support/cmdline.c
@@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ struct gpr_cmdline {
   void (*extra_arg)(void *user_data, const char *arg);
   void *extra_arg_user_data;
 
-  void (*state)(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *arg);
+  int (*state)(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *arg);
   arg *cur_arg;
+
+  int survive_failure;
 };
 
-static void normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *arg);
+static int normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *arg);
 
 gpr_cmdline *gpr_cmdline_create(const char *description) {
   gpr_cmdline *cl = gpr_malloc(sizeof(gpr_cmdline));
@@ -78,6 +80,10 @@ gpr_cmdline *gpr_cmdline_create(const char *description) {
   return cl;
 }
 
+void gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(gpr_cmdline *cl) {
+  cl->survive_failure = 1;
+}
+
 void gpr_cmdline_destroy(gpr_cmdline *cl) {
   while (cl->args) {
     arg *a = cl->args;
@@ -185,16 +191,22 @@ char *gpr_cmdline_usage_string(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *argv0) {
   return tmp;
 }
 
-static void print_usage_and_die(gpr_cmdline *cl) {
+static int print_usage_and_die(gpr_cmdline *cl) {
   char *usage = gpr_cmdline_usage_string(cl, cl->argv0);
   fprintf(stderr, "%s", usage);
   gpr_free(usage);
-  exit(1);
+  if (!cl->survive_failure) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
-static void extra_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
-  if (!cl->extra_arg) print_usage_and_die(cl);
+static int extra_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
+  if (!cl->extra_arg) {
+    return print_usage_and_die(cl);
+  }
   cl->extra_arg(cl->extra_arg_user_data, str);
+  return 1;
 }
 
 static arg *find_arg(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *name) {
@@ -208,13 +220,13 @@ static arg *find_arg(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *name) {
 
   if (!a) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Unknown argument: %s\n", name);
-    print_usage_and_die(cl);
+    return NULL;
   }
 
   return a;
 }
 
-static void value_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
+static int value_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
   long intval;
   char *end;
 
@@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ static void value_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
       if (*end || intval < INT_MIN || intval > INT_MAX) {
         fprintf(stderr, "expected integer, got '%s' for %s\n", str,
                 cl->cur_arg->name);
-        print_usage_and_die(cl);
+        return print_usage_and_die(cl);
       }
       *(int *)cl->cur_arg->value = (int)intval;
       break;
@@ -238,7 +250,7 @@ static void value_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
       } else {
         fprintf(stderr, "expected boolean, got '%s' for %s\n", str,
                 cl->cur_arg->name);
-        print_usage_and_die(cl);
+        return print_usage_and_die(cl);
       }
       break;
     case ARGTYPE_STRING:
@@ -247,16 +259,18 @@ static void value_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
   }
 
   cl->state = normal_state;
+  return 1;
 }
 
-static void normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
+static int normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
   char *eq = NULL;
   char *tmp = NULL;
   char *arg_name = NULL;
+  int r = 1;
 
   if (0 == strcmp(str, "-help") || 0 == strcmp(str, "--help") ||
       0 == strcmp(str, "-h")) {
-    print_usage_and_die(cl);
+    return print_usage_and_die(cl);
   }
 
   cl->cur_arg = NULL;
@@ -266,7 +280,7 @@ static void normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
       if (str[2] == 0) {
         /* handle '--' to move to just extra args */
         cl->state = extra_state;
-        return;
+        return 1;
       }
       str += 2;
     } else {
@@ -277,12 +291,15 @@ static void normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
       /* str is of the form '--no-foo' - it's a flag disable */
       str += 3;
       cl->cur_arg = find_arg(cl, str);
+      if (cl->cur_arg == NULL) {
+        return print_usage_and_die(cl);
+      }
       if (cl->cur_arg->type != ARGTYPE_BOOL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a flag argument\n", str);
-        print_usage_and_die(cl);
+        return print_usage_and_die(cl);
       }
       *(int *)cl->cur_arg->value = 0;
-      return; /* early out */
+      return 1; /* early out */
     }
     eq = strchr(str, '=');
     if (eq != NULL) {
@@ -294,9 +311,12 @@ static void normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
       arg_name = str;
     }
     cl->cur_arg = find_arg(cl, arg_name);
+    if (cl->cur_arg == NULL) {
+      return print_usage_and_die(cl);
+    }
     if (eq != NULL) {
       /* str was of the type --foo=value, parse the value */
-      value_state(cl, eq + 1);
+      r = value_state(cl, eq + 1);
     } else if (cl->cur_arg->type != ARGTYPE_BOOL) {
       /* flag types don't have a '--foo value' variant, other types do */
       cl->state = value_state;
@@ -305,19 +325,23 @@ static void normal_state(gpr_cmdline *cl, char *str) {
       *(int *)cl->cur_arg->value = 1;
     }
   } else {
-    extra_state(cl, str);
+    r = extra_state(cl, str);
   }
 
   gpr_free(tmp);
+  return r;
 }
 
-void gpr_cmdline_parse(gpr_cmdline *cl, int argc, char **argv) {
+int gpr_cmdline_parse(gpr_cmdline *cl, int argc, char **argv) {
   int i;
 
   GPR_ASSERT(argc >= 1);
   cl->argv0 = argv[0];
 
   for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-    cl->state(cl, argv[i]);
+    if (!cl->state(cl, argv[i])) {
+      return 0;
+    }
   }
+  return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/surface/call.c b/src/core/surface/call.c
index 84b9daaa2896ca795ad3123260a8683362c4c1bc..8672478cb22499fca66fe94834477c2e92d71740 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/call.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/call.c
@@ -341,21 +341,18 @@ grpc_completion_queue *grpc_call_get_completion_queue(grpc_call *call) {
 }
 
 #ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-void grpc_call_internal_ref(grpc_call *c, const char *reason) {
-  grpc_call_stack_ref(CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(c), reason);
-}
-void grpc_call_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call *c,
-                              const char *reason) {
-  grpc_call_stack_unref(exec_ctx, CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(c), reason);
-}
+#define REF_REASON reason
+#define REF_ARG , const char *reason
 #else
-void grpc_call_internal_ref(grpc_call *c) {
-  grpc_call_stack_ref(CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(c));
+#define REF_REASON ""
+#define REF_ARG
+#endif
+void grpc_call_internal_ref(grpc_call *c REF_ARG) {
+  GRPC_CALL_STACK_REF(CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(c), REF_REASON);
 }
-void grpc_call_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call *c) {
-  grpc_call_stack_unref(exec_ctx, CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(c));
+void grpc_call_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call *c REF_ARG) {
+  GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(c), REF_REASON);
 }
-#endif
 
 static void destroy_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *call, int success) {
   size_t i;
@@ -742,8 +739,15 @@ static void execute_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call *call,
 char *grpc_call_get_peer(grpc_call *call) {
   grpc_call_element *elem = CALL_ELEM_FROM_CALL(call, 0);
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
-  char *result = elem->filter->get_peer(&exec_ctx, elem);
+  char *result;
   GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_call_get_peer(%p)", 1, (call));
+  result = elem->filter->get_peer(&exec_ctx, elem);
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    result = grpc_channel_get_target(call->channel);
+  }
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    result = gpr_strdup("unknown");
+  }
   grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
   return result;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/surface/channel.c b/src/core/surface/channel.c
index 14fe97c30d4b79bd002cc62d82fc82794a567ef8..573a0e742f6093bddc8f948aa9167b32a166893e 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/channel.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/channel.c
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ typedef struct registered_call {
 
 struct grpc_channel {
   int is_client;
-  gpr_refcount refs;
   gpr_uint32 max_message_length;
   grpc_mdelem *default_authority;
 
@@ -81,6 +80,8 @@ struct grpc_channel {
 /* the protobuf library will (by default) start warning at 100megs */
 #define DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH (100 * 1024 * 1024)
 
+static void destroy_channel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success);
+
 grpc_channel *grpc_channel_create_from_filters(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, const char *target,
     const grpc_channel_filter **filters, size_t num_filters,
@@ -93,8 +94,6 @@ grpc_channel *grpc_channel_create_from_filters(
   channel->target = gpr_strdup(target);
   GPR_ASSERT(grpc_is_initialized() && "call grpc_init()");
   channel->is_client = is_client;
-  /* decremented by grpc_channel_destroy */
-  gpr_ref_init(&channel->refs, 1);
   gpr_mu_init(&channel->registered_call_mu);
   channel->registered_calls = NULL;
 
@@ -153,7 +152,9 @@ grpc_channel *grpc_channel_create_from_filters(
     gpr_free(default_authority);
   }
 
-  grpc_channel_stack_init(exec_ctx, filters, num_filters, channel, args,
+  grpc_channel_stack_init(exec_ctx, 1, destroy_channel, channel, filters,
+                          num_filters, args,
+                          is_client ? "CLIENT_CHANNEL" : "SERVER_CHANNEL",
                           CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CHANNEL(channel));
 
   return channel;
@@ -250,17 +251,25 @@ grpc_call *grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
       rc->authority ? GRPC_MDELEM_REF(rc->authority) : NULL, deadline);
 }
 
-#ifdef GRPC_CHANNEL_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
-void grpc_channel_internal_ref(grpc_channel *c, const char *reason) {
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CHANNEL:   ref %p %d -> %d [%s]", c, c->refs.count,
-          c->refs.count + 1, reason);
+#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+#define REF_REASON reason
+#define REF_ARG , const char *reason
 #else
-void grpc_channel_internal_ref(grpc_channel *c) {
+#define REF_REASON ""
+#define REF_ARG
 #endif
-  gpr_ref(&c->refs);
+void grpc_channel_internal_ref(grpc_channel *c REF_ARG) {
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_REF(CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CHANNEL(c), REF_REASON);
 }
 
-static void destroy_channel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel *channel) {
+void grpc_channel_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                 grpc_channel *c REF_ARG) {
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(exec_ctx, CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CHANNEL(c), REF_REASON);
+}
+
+static void destroy_channel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                            int iomgr_success) {
+  grpc_channel *channel = arg;
   grpc_channel_stack_destroy(exec_ctx, CHANNEL_STACK_FROM_CHANNEL(channel));
   while (channel->registered_calls) {
     registered_call *rc = channel->registered_calls;
@@ -279,20 +288,6 @@ static void destroy_channel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel *channel) {
   gpr_free(channel);
 }
 
-#ifdef GRPC_CHANNEL_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
-void grpc_channel_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel *channel,
-                                 const char *reason) {
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CHANNEL: unref %p %d -> %d [%s]", channel,
-          channel->refs.count, channel->refs.count - 1, reason);
-#else
-void grpc_channel_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                 grpc_channel *channel) {
-#endif
-  if (gpr_unref(&channel->refs)) {
-    destroy_channel(exec_ctx, channel);
-  }
-}
-
 void grpc_channel_destroy(grpc_channel *channel) {
   grpc_transport_op op;
   grpc_channel_element *elem;
diff --git a/src/core/surface/channel.h b/src/core/surface/channel.h
index 7dea609ebc8021b315ef5ca4a460785f8b47c715..3d2ff23542cf351527b60b39f40eb98ca3684a7f 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/channel.h
+++ b/src/core/surface/channel.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ grpc_mdelem *grpc_channel_get_reffed_status_elem(grpc_channel *channel,
                                                  int status_code);
 gpr_uint32 grpc_channel_get_max_message_length(grpc_channel *channel);
 
-#ifdef GRPC_CHANNEL_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
 void grpc_channel_internal_ref(grpc_channel *channel, const char *reason);
 void grpc_channel_internal_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_channel *channel,
                                  const char *reason);
diff --git a/src/core/surface/channel_connectivity.c b/src/core/surface/channel_connectivity.c
index df2774b52786249631c249426cb9e2fe0ebec75e..ad1c9b334ef783a8df610696a86c27d9b0be6b23 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/channel_connectivity.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/channel_connectivity.c
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ typedef struct {
   gpr_mu mu;
   callback_phase phase;
   int success;
-  int removed;
   grpc_closure on_complete;
   grpc_timer alarm;
   grpc_connectivity_state state;
@@ -135,30 +134,15 @@ static void finished_completion(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *pw,
 static void partly_done(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, state_watcher *w,
                         int due_to_completion) {
   int delete = 0;
-  grpc_channel_element *client_channel_elem = NULL;
 
-  gpr_mu_lock(&w->mu);
-  if (w->removed == 0) {
-    w->removed = 1;
-    client_channel_elem = grpc_channel_stack_last_element(
-        grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(w->channel));
-    if (client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter) {
-      grpc_client_channel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, client_channel_elem,
-                                               grpc_cq_pollset(w->cq));
-    } else {
-      grpc_client_uchannel_del_interested_party(exec_ctx, client_channel_elem,
-                                                grpc_cq_pollset(w->cq));
-    }
-  }
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&w->mu);
   if (due_to_completion) {
-    gpr_mu_lock(&w->mu);
-    w->success = 1;
-    gpr_mu_unlock(&w->mu);
     grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &w->alarm);
   }
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&w->mu);
+  if (due_to_completion) {
+    w->success = 1;
+  }
   switch (w->phase) {
     case WAITING:
       w->phase = CALLING_BACK;
@@ -212,7 +196,6 @@ void grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
   w->phase = WAITING;
   w->state = last_observed_state;
   w->success = 0;
-  w->removed = 0;
   w->cq = cq;
   w->tag = tag;
   w->channel = channel;
@@ -223,16 +206,14 @@ void grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
 
   if (client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter) {
     GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(channel, "watch_channel_connectivity");
-    grpc_client_channel_add_interested_party(&exec_ctx, client_channel_elem,
-                                             grpc_cq_pollset(cq));
     grpc_client_channel_watch_connectivity_state(&exec_ctx, client_channel_elem,
-                                                 &w->state, &w->on_complete);
+                                                 grpc_cq_pollset(cq), &w->state,
+                                                 &w->on_complete);
   } else if (client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_uchannel_filter) {
     GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(channel, "watch_uchannel_connectivity");
-    grpc_client_uchannel_add_interested_party(&exec_ctx, client_channel_elem,
-                                              grpc_cq_pollset(cq));
     grpc_client_uchannel_watch_connectivity_state(
-        &exec_ctx, client_channel_elem, &w->state, &w->on_complete);
+        &exec_ctx, client_channel_elem, grpc_cq_pollset(cq), &w->state,
+        &w->on_complete);
   }
 
   grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
diff --git a/src/core/surface/channel_create.c b/src/core/surface/channel_create.c
index fe7e1072acdd8d2d8c439b38b91eaa3a35da79bc..97ec23408f67065734f03e4886b3d800ae129807 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/channel_create.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/channel_create.c
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ static grpc_subchannel *subchannel_factory_create_subchannel(
   c->base.vtable = &connector_vtable;
   gpr_ref_init(&c->refs, 1);
   args->args = final_args;
-  args->master = f->master;
   s = grpc_subchannel_create(&c->base, args);
   grpc_connector_unref(exec_ctx, &c->base);
   grpc_channel_args_destroy(final_args);
diff --git a/src/core/surface/lame_client.c b/src/core/surface/lame_client.c
index 4a55544ac15b2d933aa26bd65f0ae50d2a96b13c..a60e9d20dae7a0c043016f7d7f70f736e78e1b16 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/lame_client.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/lame_client.c
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ typedef struct {
 } call_data;
 
 typedef struct {
-  grpc_channel *master;
   grpc_status_code error_code;
   const char *error_message;
 } channel_data;
@@ -84,8 +83,7 @@ static void lame_start_transport_stream_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 }
 
 static char *lame_get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
-  return grpc_channel_get_target(chand->master);
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 static void lame_start_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -111,10 +109,8 @@ static void destroy_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 static void init_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                               grpc_channel_element *elem,
                               grpc_channel_element_args *args) {
-  channel_data *chand = elem->channel_data;
   GPR_ASSERT(args->is_first);
   GPR_ASSERT(args->is_last);
-  chand->master = args->master;
 }
 
 static void destroy_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
diff --git a/src/core/surface/secure_channel_create.c b/src/core/surface/secure_channel_create.c
index c9a54d9237b4426dbfbe7f38cd3b716497b5d5b9..863c905ea3ea683a0f0dba05071a3a545829bfd7 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/secure_channel_create.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/secure_channel_create.c
@@ -228,7 +228,6 @@ static grpc_subchannel *subchannel_factory_create_subchannel(
   gpr_mu_init(&c->mu);
   gpr_ref_init(&c->refs, 1);
   args->args = final_args;
-  args->master = f->master;
   s = grpc_subchannel_create(&c->base, args);
   grpc_connector_unref(exec_ctx, &c->base);
   grpc_channel_args_destroy(final_args);
diff --git a/src/core/surface/server_chttp2.c b/src/core/surface/server_chttp2.c
index 990bc4aa235f5975fb6ef2c09b03dbeb89beaadc..08691c858b978f5f7a2136e452938f960225c306 100644
--- a/src/core/surface/server_chttp2.c
+++ b/src/core/surface/server_chttp2.c
@@ -101,9 +101,7 @@ int grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port(grpc_server *server, const char *addr) {
   }
 
   tcp = grpc_tcp_server_create();
-  if (!tcp) {
-    goto error;
-  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(tcp);
 
   for (i = 0; i < resolved->naddrs; i++) {
     grpc_tcp_listener *listener;
diff --git a/src/core/transport/chttp2_transport.c b/src/core/transport/chttp2_transport.c
index 3e88f69abf96724c11e0764663b33d6d2697945f..6ba9db83486bdf9b7f3939d51b359fa873dff377 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/chttp2_transport.c
+++ b/src/core/transport/chttp2_transport.c
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ static void perform_transport_op(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_transport *gt,
 
   grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, op->on_consumed, 1);
 
-  if (op->on_connectivity_state_change) {
+  if (op->on_connectivity_state_change != NULL) {
     grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
         exec_ctx, &t->channel_callback.state_tracker, op->connectivity_state,
         op->on_connectivity_state_change);
diff --git a/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.c b/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.c
index b001af7e35755270ff8c0bdf66aac3016588912e..3c3fd4671db96c5f667845406a81cf23ba78924e 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.c
+++ b/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.c
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 grpc_connectivity_state grpc_connectivity_state_check(
     grpc_connectivity_state_tracker *tracker) {
   if (grpc_connectivity_state_trace) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CONWATCH: %s: get %s", tracker->name,
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CONWATCH: %p %s: get %s", tracker, tracker->name,
             grpc_connectivity_state_name(tracker->current_state));
   }
   return tracker->current_state;
@@ -97,42 +97,47 @@ int grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connectivity_state_tracker *tracker,
     grpc_connectivity_state *current, grpc_closure *notify) {
   if (grpc_connectivity_state_trace) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CONWATCH: %s: from %s [cur=%s] notify=%p",
-            tracker->name, grpc_connectivity_state_name(*current),
-            grpc_connectivity_state_name(tracker->current_state), notify);
+    if (current == NULL) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CONWATCH: %p %s: unsubscribe notify=%p", tracker,
+              tracker->name, notify);
+    } else {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CONWATCH: %p %s: from %s [cur=%s] notify=%p", tracker,
+              tracker->name, grpc_connectivity_state_name(*current),
+              grpc_connectivity_state_name(tracker->current_state), notify);
+    }
   }
-  if (tracker->current_state != *current) {
-    *current = tracker->current_state;
-    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, notify, 1);
+  if (current == NULL) {
+    grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *w = tracker->watchers;
+    if (w != NULL && w->notify == notify) {
+      grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, notify, 0);
+      tracker->watchers = w->next;
+      gpr_free(w);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    while (w != NULL) {
+      grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *rm_candidate = w->next;
+      if (rm_candidate != NULL && rm_candidate->notify == notify) {
+        grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, notify, 0);
+        w->next = w->next->next;
+        gpr_free(rm_candidate);
+        return 0;
+      }
+      w = w->next;
+    }
+    return 0;
   } else {
-    grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *w = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*w));
-    w->current = current;
-    w->notify = notify;
-    w->next = tracker->watchers;
-    tracker->watchers = w;
-  }
-  return tracker->current_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
-}
-
-int grpc_connectivity_state_change_unsubscribe(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connectivity_state_tracker *tracker,
-    grpc_closure *subscribed_notify) {
-  grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *w = tracker->watchers;
-  if (w != NULL && w->notify == subscribed_notify) {
-    tracker->watchers = w->next;
-    gpr_free(w);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  while (w != NULL) {
-    grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *rm_candidate = w->next;
-    if (rm_candidate != NULL && rm_candidate->notify == subscribed_notify) {
-      w->next = w->next->next;
-      gpr_free(rm_candidate);
-      return 1;
+    if (tracker->current_state != *current) {
+      *current = tracker->current_state;
+      grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, notify, 1);
+    } else {
+      grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *w = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*w));
+      w->current = current;
+      w->notify = notify;
+      w->next = tracker->watchers;
+      tracker->watchers = w;
     }
-    w = w->next;
+    return tracker->current_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
   }
-  return 0;
 }
 
 void grpc_connectivity_state_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ void grpc_connectivity_state_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                  const char *reason) {
   grpc_connectivity_state_watcher *w;
   if (grpc_connectivity_state_trace) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "SET: %s: %s --> %s [%s]", tracker->name,
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "SET: %p %s: %s --> %s [%s]", tracker, tracker->name,
             grpc_connectivity_state_name(tracker->current_state),
             grpc_connectivity_state_name(state), reason);
   }
diff --git a/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h b/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h
index af2734c01649e679f63aafce6f46e354d033a316..a4eb6652e551b815d28b51e29d11d93472088d73 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h
+++ b/src/core/transport/connectivity_state.h
@@ -75,16 +75,11 @@ void grpc_connectivity_state_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 grpc_connectivity_state grpc_connectivity_state_check(
     grpc_connectivity_state_tracker *tracker);
 
-/** Return 1 if the channel should start connecting, 0 otherwise */
+/** Return 1 if the channel should start connecting, 0 otherwise.
+    If current==NULL cancel notify if it is already queued (success==0 in that
+    case) */
 int grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connectivity_state_tracker *tracker,
     grpc_connectivity_state *current, grpc_closure *notify);
 
-/** Remove \a subscribed_notify from the list of closures to be called on a
- * state change if present, returning 1. Otherwise, nothing is done and return
- * 0. */
-int grpc_connectivity_state_change_unsubscribe(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_connectivity_state_tracker *tracker,
-    grpc_closure *subscribed_notify);
-
 #endif /* GRPC_INTERNAL_CORE_TRANSPORT_CONNECTIVITY_STATE_H */
diff --git a/src/core/transport/metadata.c b/src/core/transport/metadata.c
index 4328bdd6847f72314cced56f5e8c9cc696be762a..df05d1a302fb65708dbbfa9b097455ccbeb4ecd3 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/metadata.c
+++ b/src/core/transport/metadata.c
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ int grpc_mdstr_is_legal_header(grpc_mdstr *s) {
 
 int grpc_mdstr_is_legal_nonbin_header(grpc_mdstr *s) {
   static const gpr_uint8 legal_header_bits[256 / 8] = {
-      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xef, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
       0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
   return conforms_to(s, legal_header_bits);
diff --git a/src/core/transport/static_metadata.c b/src/core/transport/static_metadata.c
index e7aff325c29356a9cbc553f3f984f00327335d16..c2bfef0397fcae3862d6beeb95ee08769d8165fd 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/static_metadata.c
+++ b/src/core/transport/static_metadata.c
@@ -65,92 +65,23 @@ const gpr_uint8
         80, 81, 82, 33, 83, 33, 84, 33, 85, 33, 86, 33};
 
 const char *const grpc_static_metadata_strings[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT] = {
-    "0",
-    "1",
-    "2",
-    "200",
-    "204",
-    "206",
-    "304",
-    "400",
-    "404",
-    "500",
-    "accept",
-    "accept-charset",
-    "accept-encoding",
-    "accept-language",
-    "accept-ranges",
-    "access-control-allow-origin",
-    "age",
-    "allow",
-    "application/grpc",
-    ":authority",
-    "authorization",
-    "cache-control",
-    "content-disposition",
-    "content-encoding",
-    "content-language",
-    "content-length",
-    "content-location",
-    "content-range",
-    "content-type",
-    "cookie",
-    "date",
-    "deflate",
-    "deflate,gzip",
-    "",
-    "etag",
-    "expect",
-    "expires",
-    "from",
-    "GET",
-    "grpc",
-    "grpc-accept-encoding",
-    "grpc-encoding",
-    "grpc-internal-encoding-request",
-    "grpc-message",
-    "grpc-status",
-    "grpc-timeout",
-    "gzip",
-    "gzip, deflate",
-    "host",
-    "http",
-    "https",
-    "identity",
-    "identity,deflate",
-    "identity,deflate,gzip",
-    "identity,gzip",
-    "if-match",
-    "if-modified-since",
-    "if-none-match",
-    "if-range",
-    "if-unmodified-since",
-    "last-modified",
-    "link",
-    "location",
-    "max-forwards",
-    ":method",
-    ":path",
-    "POST",
-    "proxy-authenticate",
-    "proxy-authorization",
-    "range",
-    "referer",
-    "refresh",
-    "retry-after",
-    ":scheme",
-    "server",
-    "set-cookie",
-    "/",
-    "/index.html",
-    ":status",
-    "strict-transport-security",
-    "te",
-    "trailers",
-    "transfer-encoding",
-    "user-agent",
-    "vary",
-    "via",
+    "0", "1", "2", "200", "204", "206", "304", "400", "404", "500", "accept",
+    "accept-charset", "accept-encoding", "accept-language", "accept-ranges",
+    "access-control-allow-origin", "age", "allow", "application/grpc",
+    ":authority", "authorization", "cache-control", "content-disposition",
+    "content-encoding", "content-language", "content-length",
+    "content-location", "content-range", "content-type", "cookie", "date",
+    "deflate", "deflate,gzip", "", "etag", "expect", "expires", "from", "GET",
+    "grpc", "grpc-accept-encoding", "grpc-encoding",
+    "grpc-internal-encoding-request", "grpc-message", "grpc-status",
+    "grpc-timeout", "gzip", "gzip, deflate", "host", "http", "https",
+    "identity", "identity,deflate", "identity,deflate,gzip", "identity,gzip",
+    "if-match", "if-modified-since", "if-none-match", "if-range",
+    "if-unmodified-since", "last-modified", "link", "location", "max-forwards",
+    ":method", ":path", "POST", "proxy-authenticate", "proxy-authorization",
+    "range", "referer", "refresh", "retry-after", ":scheme", "server",
+    "set-cookie", "/", "/index.html", ":status", "strict-transport-security",
+    "te", "trailers", "transfer-encoding", "user-agent", "vary", "via",
     "www-authenticate"};
 
 const gpr_uint8 grpc_static_accept_encoding_metadata[8] = {0,  29, 26, 30,
diff --git a/src/core/transport/transport.c b/src/core/transport/transport.c
index f2bebc62f34f6a615130103d609a953a502e6562..2ab978be46118ad7d05b2c32e581211f99107daf 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/transport.c
+++ b/src/core/transport/transport.c
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 #ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
 void grpc_stream_ref(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount, const char *reason) {
   gpr_atm val = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&refcount->refs.count);
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "STREAM %p:%p   REF %d->%d %s", refcount,
-          refcount->destroy.cb_arg, val, val + 1, reason);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%s %p:%p   REF %d->%d %s", refcount->object_type,
+          refcount, refcount->destroy.cb_arg, val, val + 1, reason);
 #else
 void grpc_stream_ref(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount) {
 #endif
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ void grpc_stream_ref(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount) {
 void grpc_stream_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_stream_refcount *refcount,
                        const char *reason) {
   gpr_atm val = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&refcount->refs.count);
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "STREAM %p:%p UNREF %d->%d %s", refcount,
-          refcount->destroy.cb_arg, val, val - 1, reason);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%s %p:%p UNREF %d->%d %s", refcount->object_type,
+          refcount, refcount->destroy.cb_arg, val, val - 1, reason);
 #else
 void grpc_stream_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                        grpc_stream_refcount *refcount) {
@@ -63,6 +63,19 @@ void grpc_stream_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+void grpc_stream_ref_init(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount, int initial_refs,
+                          grpc_iomgr_cb_func cb, void *cb_arg,
+                          const char *object_type) {
+  refcount->object_type = object_type;
+#else
+void grpc_stream_ref_init(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount, int initial_refs,
+                          grpc_iomgr_cb_func cb, void *cb_arg) {
+#endif
+  gpr_ref_init(&refcount->refs, initial_refs);
+  grpc_closure_init(&refcount->destroy, cb, cb_arg);
+}
+
 size_t grpc_transport_stream_size(grpc_transport *transport) {
   return transport->vtable->sizeof_stream;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/transport/transport.h b/src/core/transport/transport.h
index f296ce8251b040c45907b498a5c2a052f4270f6c..f94f0ae76e1449766f84ceb1c55140cb2b416e3f 100644
--- a/src/core/transport/transport.h
+++ b/src/core/transport/transport.h
@@ -50,19 +50,32 @@ typedef struct grpc_transport grpc_transport;
    for a stream. */
 typedef struct grpc_stream grpc_stream;
 
+/*#define GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG*/
+
 typedef struct grpc_stream_refcount {
   gpr_refcount refs;
   grpc_closure destroy;
+#ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+  const char *object_type;
+#endif
 } grpc_stream_refcount;
 
-/*#define GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG*/
 #ifdef GRPC_STREAM_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+void grpc_stream_ref_init(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount, int initial_refs,
+                          grpc_iomgr_cb_func cb, void *cb_arg,
+                          const char *object_type);
 void grpc_stream_ref(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount, const char *reason);
 void grpc_stream_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_stream_refcount *refcount,
                        const char *reason);
+#define GRPC_STREAM_REF_INIT(rc, ir, cb, cb_arg, objtype) \
+  grpc_stream_ref_init(rc, ir, cb, cb_arg, objtype)
 #else
+void grpc_stream_ref_init(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount, int initial_refs,
+                          grpc_iomgr_cb_func cb, void *cb_arg);
 void grpc_stream_ref(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount);
 void grpc_stream_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_stream_refcount *refcount);
+#define GRPC_STREAM_REF_INIT(rc, ir, cb, cb_arg, objtype) \
+  grpc_stream_ref_init(rc, ir, cb, cb_arg)
 #endif
 
 /* Transport stream op: a set of operations to perform on a transport
@@ -96,7 +109,7 @@ typedef struct grpc_transport_stream_op {
 typedef struct grpc_transport_op {
   /** called when processing of this op is done */
   grpc_closure *on_consumed;
-  /** connectivity monitoring */
+  /** connectivity monitoring - set connectivity_state to NULL to unsubscribe */
   grpc_closure *on_connectivity_state_change;
   grpc_connectivity_state *connectivity_state;
   /** should the transport be disconnected */
diff --git a/src/php/bin/run_tests.sh b/src/php/bin/run_tests.sh
index 2a7335e20a9cf1633a1635c545065ee6f1014ae2..235d161ca7f3c8cdeea65c79c1113ee853521e17 100755
--- a/src/php/bin/run_tests.sh
+++ b/src/php/bin/run_tests.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 # Loads the local shared library, and runs all of the test cases in tests/
 # against it
-set -e
+set -ex
 cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
 root=$(pwd)
 cd src/php/bin
diff --git a/test/core/channel/channel_stack_test.c b/test/core/channel/channel_stack_test.c
index 9dbb87930034c1d9f3c585fb0001b8470686da49..f1bb37c0bf4509a0750174e34ce1b7951ff9b6a9 100644
--- a/test/core/channel/channel_stack_test.c
+++ b/test/core/channel/channel_stack_test.c
@@ -81,6 +81,16 @@ static char *get_peer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem) {
   return gpr_strdup("peer");
 }
 
+static void free_channel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
+  grpc_channel_stack_destroy(exec_ctx, arg);
+  gpr_free(arg);
+}
+
+static void free_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
+  grpc_call_stack_destroy(exec_ctx, arg);
+  gpr_free(arg);
+}
+
 static void test_create_channel_stack(void) {
   const grpc_channel_filter filter = {
       call_func, channel_func, sizeof(int), call_init_func,
@@ -105,16 +115,16 @@ static void test_create_channel_stack(void) {
   chan_args.args = &arg;
 
   channel_stack = gpr_malloc(grpc_channel_stack_size(&filters, 1));
-  grpc_channel_stack_init(&exec_ctx, &filters, 1, NULL, &chan_args,
-                          channel_stack);
+  grpc_channel_stack_init(&exec_ctx, 1, free_channel, channel_stack, &filters,
+                          1, &chan_args, "test", channel_stack);
   GPR_ASSERT(channel_stack->count == 1);
   channel_elem = grpc_channel_stack_element(channel_stack, 0);
   channel_data = (int *)channel_elem->channel_data;
   GPR_ASSERT(*channel_data == 0);
 
   call_stack = gpr_malloc(channel_stack->call_stack_size);
-  grpc_call_stack_init(&exec_ctx, channel_stack, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                       call_stack);
+  grpc_call_stack_init(&exec_ctx, channel_stack, 1, free_call, call_stack, NULL,
+                       NULL, call_stack);
   GPR_ASSERT(call_stack->count == 1);
   call_elem = grpc_call_stack_element(call_stack, 0);
   GPR_ASSERT(call_elem->filter == channel_elem->filter);
@@ -123,12 +133,11 @@ static void test_create_channel_stack(void) {
   GPR_ASSERT(*call_data == 0);
   GPR_ASSERT(*channel_data == 1);
 
-  grpc_call_stack_destroy(&exec_ctx, call_stack);
-  gpr_free(call_stack);
+  GRPC_CALL_STACK_UNREF(&exec_ctx, call_stack, "done");
+  grpc_exec_ctx_flush(&exec_ctx);
   GPR_ASSERT(*channel_data == 2);
 
-  grpc_channel_stack_destroy(&exec_ctx, channel_stack);
-  gpr_free(channel_stack);
+  GRPC_CHANNEL_STACK_UNREF(&exec_ctx, channel_stack, "done");
 
   grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/client_config/lb_policies_test.c b/test/core/client_config/lb_policies_test.c
index 175ebb6375bae257525316018e9059dd7c2105b4..401cafdc08321332c69a6c701a47970ce59c2de5 100644
--- a/test/core/client_config/lb_policies_test.c
+++ b/test/core/client_config/lb_policies_test.c
@@ -136,9 +136,8 @@ static void kill_server(const servers_fixture *f, size_t i) {
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "KILLING SERVER %d", i);
   GPR_ASSERT(f->servers[i] != NULL);
   grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(f->servers[i], f->cq, tag(10000));
-  GPR_ASSERT(
-      grpc_completion_queue_pluck(f->cq, tag(10000), n_millis_time(5000), NULL)
-          .type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
+  GPR_ASSERT(grpc_completion_queue_pluck(f->cq, tag(10000), n_millis_time(5000),
+                                         NULL).type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
   grpc_server_destroy(f->servers[i]);
   f->servers[i] = NULL;
 }
@@ -204,8 +203,8 @@ static void teardown_servers(servers_fixture *f) {
     if (f->servers[i] == NULL) continue;
     grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(f->servers[i], f->cq, tag(10000));
     GPR_ASSERT(grpc_completion_queue_pluck(f->cq, tag(10000),
-                                           n_millis_time(5000), NULL)
-                   .type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
+                                           n_millis_time(5000),
+                                           NULL).type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
     grpc_server_destroy(f->servers[i]);
   }
   grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(f->cq);
@@ -305,8 +304,8 @@ int *perform_request(servers_fixture *f, grpc_channel *client,
 
     s_idx = -1;
     while ((ev = grpc_completion_queue_next(
-                f->cq, GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(1), NULL))
-               .type != GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT) {
+                f->cq, GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(1), NULL)).type !=
+           GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT) {
       GPR_ASSERT(ev.type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
       read_tag = ((int)(gpr_intptr)ev.tag);
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EVENT: success:%d, type:%d, tag:%d iter:%d",
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_uchannel.c b/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_uchannel.c
index ee4a60c29aae99a447a94657a5b4fe3018f91884..ea630c3275964b46547fb7a738cc1a5190cc6c3f 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_uchannel.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_uchannel.c
@@ -159,11 +159,14 @@ static grpc_subchannel *subchannel_factory_create_subchannel(
   c->base.vtable = &connector_vtable;
   gpr_ref_init(&c->refs, 1);
   args->args = final_args;
-  args->master = f->master;
   s = grpc_subchannel_create(&c->base, args);
   grpc_connector_unref(exec_ctx, &c->base);
   grpc_channel_args_destroy(final_args);
+  if (*f->sniffed_subchannel) {
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(exec_ctx, *f->sniffed_subchannel, "sniffed");
+  }
   *f->sniffed_subchannel = s;
+  GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_REF(s, "sniffed");
   return s;
 }
 
@@ -224,6 +227,7 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture chttp2_create_fixture_micro_fullstack(
   micro_fullstack_fixture_data *ffd =
       gpr_malloc(sizeof(micro_fullstack_fixture_data));
   memset(&f, 0, sizeof(f));
+  memset(ffd, 0, sizeof(*ffd));
 
   gpr_join_host_port(&ffd->localaddr, "127.0.0.1", port);
 
@@ -233,10 +237,54 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture chttp2_create_fixture_micro_fullstack(
   return f;
 }
 
+grpc_connectivity_state g_state = GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE;
+grpc_pollset_set g_interested_parties;
+
+static void state_changed(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
+  if (g_state != GRPC_CHANNEL_READY) {
+    grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(
+        exec_ctx, arg, &g_interested_parties, &g_state,
+        grpc_closure_create(state_changed, arg));
+  }
+}
+
+static void destroy_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, int success) {
+  grpc_pollset_destroy(arg);
+}
+
+static grpc_connected_subchannel *connect_subchannel(grpc_subchannel *c) {
+  grpc_pollset pollset;
+  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
+  grpc_pollset_init(&pollset);
+  grpc_pollset_set_init(&g_interested_parties);
+  grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset(&exec_ctx, &g_interested_parties, &pollset);
+  grpc_subchannel_notify_on_state_change(&exec_ctx, c, &g_interested_parties,
+                                         &g_state,
+                                         grpc_closure_create(state_changed, c));
+  grpc_exec_ctx_flush(&exec_ctx);
+  gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&pollset));
+  while (g_state != GRPC_CHANNEL_READY) {
+    grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+    grpc_pollset_work(&exec_ctx, &pollset, &worker,
+                      gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC),
+                      GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(1));
+    gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&pollset));
+    grpc_exec_ctx_flush(&exec_ctx);
+    gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&pollset));
+  }
+  grpc_pollset_shutdown(&exec_ctx, &pollset,
+                        grpc_closure_create(destroy_pollset, &pollset));
+  grpc_pollset_set_destroy(&g_interested_parties);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&pollset));
+  grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
+  return grpc_subchannel_get_connected_subchannel(c);
+}
+
 static void chttp2_init_client_micro_fullstack(grpc_end2end_test_fixture *f,
                                                grpc_channel_args *client_args) {
   micro_fullstack_fixture_data *ffd = f->fixture_data;
   grpc_connectivity_state conn_state;
+  grpc_connected_subchannel *connected;
   char *ipv4_localaddr;
 
   gpr_asprintf(&ipv4_localaddr, "ipv4:%s", ffd->localaddr);
@@ -252,8 +300,10 @@ static void chttp2_init_client_micro_fullstack(grpc_end2end_test_fixture *f,
   /* here sniffed_subchannel should be ready to use */
   GPR_ASSERT(conn_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE);
   GPR_ASSERT(ffd->sniffed_subchannel != NULL);
+
+  connected = connect_subchannel(ffd->sniffed_subchannel);
   f->client = grpc_client_uchannel_create(ffd->sniffed_subchannel, client_args);
-  grpc_client_uchannel_set_subchannel(f->client, ffd->sniffed_subchannel);
+  grpc_client_uchannel_set_connected_subchannel(f->client, connected);
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "CHANNEL WRAPPING SUBCHANNEL: %p(%p)", f->client,
           ffd->sniffed_subchannel);
 
@@ -273,18 +323,22 @@ static void chttp2_init_server_micro_fullstack(grpc_end2end_test_fixture *f,
 }
 
 static void chttp2_tear_down_micro_fullstack(grpc_end2end_test_fixture *f) {
+  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
   micro_fullstack_fixture_data *ffd = f->fixture_data;
   grpc_channel_destroy(ffd->master_channel);
-  ffd->master_channel = NULL;
+  if (ffd->sniffed_subchannel) {
+    GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_UNREF(&exec_ctx, ffd->sniffed_subchannel, "sniffed");
+  }
   gpr_free(ffd->localaddr);
   gpr_free(ffd);
+  grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
 }
 
 /* All test configurations */
 static grpc_end2end_test_config configs[] = {
-    {"chttp2/micro_fullstack", FEATURE_MASK_SUPPORTS_DELAYED_CONNECTION,
-     chttp2_create_fixture_micro_fullstack, chttp2_init_client_micro_fullstack,
-     chttp2_init_server_micro_fullstack, chttp2_tear_down_micro_fullstack},
+    {"chttp2/micro_fullstack", 0, chttp2_create_fixture_micro_fullstack,
+     chttp2_init_client_micro_fullstack, chttp2_init_server_micro_fullstack,
+     chttp2_tear_down_micro_fullstack},
 };
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py b/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py
index 18209cba2da6f240b013a96da3b0f8ced1726891..b8bb346d59871fbf0a4d9b44ffae3e7033d06827 100755
--- a/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py
+++ b/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ END2END_FIXTURES = {
     'h2_ssl+poll': default_secure_fixture_options._replace(platforms=['linux']),
     'h2_ssl_proxy': default_secure_fixture_options._replace(includes_proxy=True,
                                                             ci_mac=False),
-    'h2_uchannel': default_unsecure_fixture_options,
+    'h2_uchannel': default_unsecure_fixture_options._replace(fullstack=False),
     'h2_uds+poll': uds_fixture_options._replace(platforms=['linux']),
     'h2_uds': uds_fixture_options,
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c
index 58636ac2a27ae334972731cf7878f9d5f244ae5e..e6404d6f5158f81af438a7e65c0b969736ab81c8 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c
index d384cd1150488eedf8255921aaf327ad616dd0eb..68bd4bc36ed0e2cccbed45d4a9859c62bf947830 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c
index e267d80493a006e40081e502bb7e27731f34c62e..1e919ce19edbda4cfb54679f8e631ca32437f44d 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c
index ef9165ee25b7367cfa509b83d9a9a9bc616cfa9c..a84f9be14ec9da739dcf42ffea76d27ffc165e72 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s/%s", test_name, config.name, mode.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c
index ce2b402f1bf068f1130401ca20b54f59fb220553..61574df3d03fee8c118aa77d39ff7ea43101602b 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c
index 6c57299e1ac7b1316729baf0fba1e0cd1491f9db..6435d22ee936a76eb36807994ab8815f062dfab7 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c
index 2005e5f8816820272a53bdda643a258314e8d097..2e36902a51225276f30dfced7082389fab16a505 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/channel_connectivity.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/channel_connectivity.c
index 46085bbdaf8bebbf6a71b7cddb97fd4bc38af194..0e0ac0301593637b8c6ec1a45962bd27166f2080 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/channel_connectivity.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/channel_connectivity.c
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ static void test_connectivity(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   cq_verify(cqv);
   state = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(f.client, 0);
   GPR_ASSERT(state == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE ||
-             state == GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING);
+             state == GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING || state == GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE);
 
   /* cleanup server */
   grpc_server_destroy(f.server);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c
index f321fe1e7c7f8f09769e64dab29394912f336172..0d07110aef20ad26b1d6a76354b7fae0457e4362 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c
index 59eb8f18f9661f41ee5559a0c814b344fa61b951..f331aa92e0cb0f698b10350020cc0bc6da0cc6e5 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c
index 6b786aa89a5dec0323fd4c26d954084423ad18f6..8efa5a34d0b07dd66db415a31132d12a40d1fd18 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c
index 75bb1334397e05597a774ac64cccd8f30e6bdcf1..399b6e21837fa1c7c10243a1dc9d64b851b82dc9 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c
@@ -36,13 +36,15 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "src/core/support/string.h"
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 #include <grpc/support/useful.h>
+
+#include "src/core/support/string.h"
 #include "test/core/end2end/cq_verifier.h"
 
 enum { TIMEOUT = 200000 };
@@ -56,8 +58,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
@@ -208,6 +210,7 @@ static void test_invoke_10_simple_requests(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   grpc_arg client_arg;
   grpc_channel_args client_args;
+  char *name;
 
   client_arg.type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
   client_arg.key = GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
@@ -216,13 +219,16 @@ static void test_invoke_10_simple_requests(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   client_args.num_args = 1;
   client_args.args = &client_arg;
 
-  f = begin_test(config, "test_invoke_10_simple_requests", &client_args, NULL);
+  gpr_asprintf(&name, "test_invoke_requests first_seqno=%d",
+               initial_sequence_number);
+  f = begin_test(config, name, &client_args, NULL);
   for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     simple_request_body(f);
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Passed simple request %d", i);
   }
   end_test(&f);
   config.tear_down_data(&f);
+  gpr_free(name);
 }
 
 void grpc_end2end_tests(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c
index 297ea8d5422d978ff19df44bf01b032bae34754b..f16883ecfdf6660c7534b0ca073f7160fa956f4e 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c
@@ -241,8 +241,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
@@ -262,9 +262,9 @@ static void drain_cq(grpc_completion_queue *cq) {
 static void shutdown_server(grpc_end2end_test_fixture *f) {
   if (!f->server) return;
   grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(f->server, f->cq, tag(1000));
-  GPR_ASSERT(grpc_completion_queue_pluck(
-                 f->cq, tag(1000), GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(5), NULL)
-                 .type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
+  GPR_ASSERT(grpc_completion_queue_pluck(f->cq, tag(1000),
+                                         GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(5),
+                                         NULL).type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE);
   grpc_server_destroy(f->server);
   f->server = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c
index 67cd303fa6cc17297b57d4e3b23b7b42a00b5f71..c612af91e338d36d2e11972ac5906b4702475a3a 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c
index 75d3f71caea9599d83a9d1a7bd59293df6261d87..763f75d59dd108a7346c9602edb43f070fbbfc66 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c
index bb64200d9e192fb93c91f5fa47d07ccf80f32a3e..d39aabaf70bc451fbf9fb5ae397230fc11e1cda6 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c
index b3d8304d0be6c28d6213d2057dec33a00d8d4319..c311f0a44e7cc331f8dd80009b7fd89ee50e5f69 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/metadata.c
index c325d5a37c734c245d674086b87f8fff473229bb..2593cde0277a4734ae20b6586e19d12590af41ae 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/metadata.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c
index 8fe9e7bcc5797571df3c4bf6323bda152f73f6dd..23b8591e255069b952e482c21abdf58696e0db05 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/no_op.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/no_op.c
index ec33af78ef4cff94fa14a744490995f249b8e7b7..dbaad3004ee3764aee0768d61eeae35d0dc81760 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/no_op.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/no_op.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c
index b440fbab212b548e644ec1d481d7690d33aca7f6..df44c0de1ef50643b941d53840a70730d82cbf25 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c
index 804862ff585a092b56a01e953a779bf0e3954714..27180dd6792f83d1c5784d2fb298c860e14fc26f 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c
index eea91e6c3bf73728e1498d116f85236d31e38c94..ef4d5063b5e51fe2ba44646f620af64d91e9b47a 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c
index 5ea845e0e535dad8d3fa02bb118487b1baa9049f..0ad5a4612e1ddf5d5304f0aa0065d84968b3d73e 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c
index 56c199baf37b98b5bd7a4d404a8a5c542252be14..ee5b071372a3fb056d297cbe4048fa534153434c 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c
index c77e31bca3fad890aa2c6537bae1fac4e354acf3..94863e7280530248fbb9001dba62860542dbf5e5 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c
index ad7def09a9413be8bc87eeb22291214ac6ce1606..aa679081ec9a8ba111cb59a2df94f560ac7ff45a 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_tags.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_tags.c
index 9b678a17541ed65f51b9d6fd2e7b84bac519b252..53a1573e161ff8c50a61cac0cd0d40df26f4da99 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_tags.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_tags.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c
index e9965a91ba487658778420a07fed6fd3092f335b..ce5df86a92ff2af54335aff74e923754ed5426f8 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c
index 306ef7e3aab52e9a50b52d9f46f89ffcd7250f1e..71f10eb8f56ee4c4dd05fe6d354da9e8a92f6de7 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static grpc_end2end_test_fixture begin_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_end2end_test_fixture f;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s/%s", test_name, config.name);
   f = config.create_fixture(client_args, server_args);
-  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   config.init_server(&f, server_args);
+  config.init_client(&f, client_args);
   return f;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/httpcli/httpcli_test.c b/test/core/httpcli/httpcli_test.c
index 4012f995c7b0c8bc47d619e32c315d0428d82384..d47774251a9086a8ecb72617be04a86112e61a4d 100644
--- a/test/core/httpcli/httpcli_test.c
+++ b/test/core/httpcli/httpcli_test.c
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ static void on_finish(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
 }
 
-static void test_get(int use_ssl, int port) {
+static void test_get(int port) {
   grpc_httpcli_request req;
   char *host;
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
 
   g_done = 0;
-  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "running %s with use_ssl=%d.", "test_get", use_ssl);
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "test_get");
 
   gpr_asprintf(&host, "localhost:%d", port);
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "requesting from %s", host);
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ static void test_get(int use_ssl, int port) {
   memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
   req.host = host;
   req.path = "/get";
-  req.handshaker = use_ssl ? &grpc_httpcli_ssl : &grpc_httpcli_plaintext;
+  req.handshaker = &grpc_httpcli_plaintext;
 
   grpc_httpcli_get(&exec_ctx, &g_context, &g_pollset, &req, n_seconds_time(15),
                    on_finish, (void *)42);
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ static void test_get(int use_ssl, int port) {
   gpr_free(host);
 }
 
-static void test_post(int use_ssl, int port) {
+static void test_post(int port) {
   grpc_httpcli_request req;
   char *host;
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
 
   g_done = 0;
-  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "running %s with use_ssl=%d.", "test_post", (int)use_ssl);
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "test_post");
 
   gpr_asprintf(&host, "localhost:%d", port);
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "posting to %s", host);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static void test_post(int use_ssl, int port) {
   memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
   req.host = host;
   req.path = "/post";
-  req.handshaker = use_ssl ? &grpc_httpcli_ssl : &grpc_httpcli_plaintext;
+  req.handshaker = &grpc_httpcli_plaintext;
 
   grpc_httpcli_post(&exec_ctx, &g_context, &g_pollset, &req, "hello", 5,
                     n_seconds_time(15), on_finish, (void *)42);
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   grpc_httpcli_context_init(&g_context);
   grpc_pollset_init(&g_pollset);
 
-  test_get(0, port);
-  test_post(0, port);
+  test_get(port);
+  test_post(port);
 
   grpc_httpcli_context_destroy(&g_context);
   grpc_closure_init(&destroyed, destroy_pollset, &g_pollset);
diff --git a/test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.c b/test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1c1913cae0d6c8393d59a45529c206b9d4f806a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "src/core/httpcli/httpcli.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include "src/core/iomgr/iomgr.h"
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/subprocess.h>
+#include <grpc/support/sync.h>
+#include "test/core/util/port.h"
+#include "test/core/util/test_config.h"
+
+static int g_done = 0;
+static grpc_httpcli_context g_context;
+static grpc_pollset g_pollset;
+
+static gpr_timespec n_seconds_time(int seconds) {
+  return GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(seconds);
+}
+
+static void on_finish(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                      const grpc_httpcli_response *response) {
+  const char *expect =
+      "<html><head><title>Hello world!</title></head>"
+      "<body><p>This is a test</p></body></html>";
+  GPR_ASSERT(arg == (void *)42);
+  GPR_ASSERT(response);
+  GPR_ASSERT(response->status == 200);
+  GPR_ASSERT(response->body_length == strlen(expect));
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == memcmp(expect, response->body, response->body_length));
+  gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  g_done = 1;
+  grpc_pollset_kick(&g_pollset, NULL);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+}
+
+static void test_get(int port) {
+  grpc_httpcli_request req;
+  char *host;
+  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
+
+  g_done = 0;
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "test_get");
+
+  gpr_asprintf(&host, "localhost:%d", port);
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "requesting from %s", host);
+
+  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+  req.host = host;
+  req.ssl_host_override = "foo.test.google.fr";
+  req.path = "/get";
+  req.handshaker = &grpc_httpcli_ssl;
+
+  grpc_httpcli_get(&exec_ctx, &g_context, &g_pollset, &req, n_seconds_time(15),
+                   on_finish, (void *)42);
+  gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  while (!g_done) {
+    grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+    grpc_pollset_work(&exec_ctx, &g_pollset, &worker,
+                      gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), n_seconds_time(20));
+    gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+    grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
+    gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  gpr_free(host);
+}
+
+static void test_post(int port) {
+  grpc_httpcli_request req;
+  char *host;
+  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
+
+  g_done = 0;
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "test_post");
+
+  gpr_asprintf(&host, "localhost:%d", port);
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "posting to %s", host);
+
+  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+  req.host = host;
+  req.ssl_host_override = "foo.test.google.fr";
+  req.path = "/post";
+  req.handshaker = &grpc_httpcli_ssl;
+
+  grpc_httpcli_post(&exec_ctx, &g_context, &g_pollset, &req, "hello", 5,
+                    n_seconds_time(15), on_finish, (void *)42);
+  gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  while (!g_done) {
+    grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+    grpc_pollset_work(&exec_ctx, &g_pollset, &worker,
+                      gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), n_seconds_time(20));
+    gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+    grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
+    gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(&g_pollset));
+  gpr_free(host);
+}
+
+static void destroy_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *p, int success) {
+  grpc_pollset_destroy(p);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  grpc_closure destroyed;
+  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
+  gpr_subprocess *server;
+  char *me = argv[0];
+  char *lslash = strrchr(me, '/');
+  char *args[5];
+  char root[1024];
+  int port = grpc_pick_unused_port_or_die();
+
+  /* figure out where we are */
+  if (lslash) {
+    memcpy(root, me, (size_t)(lslash - me));
+    root[lslash - me] = 0;
+  } else {
+    strcpy(root, ".");
+  }
+
+  /* start the server */
+  gpr_asprintf(&args[0], "%s/../../test/core/httpcli/test_server.py", root);
+  args[1] = "--port";
+  gpr_asprintf(&args[2], "%d", port);
+  args[3] = "--ssl";
+  server = gpr_subprocess_create(4, (const char **)args);
+  GPR_ASSERT(server);
+  gpr_free(args[0]);
+  gpr_free(args[2]);
+
+  gpr_sleep_until(gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                               gpr_time_from_seconds(5, GPR_TIMESPAN)));
+
+  grpc_test_init(argc, argv);
+  grpc_init();
+  grpc_httpcli_context_init(&g_context);
+  grpc_pollset_init(&g_pollset);
+
+  test_get(port);
+  test_post(port);
+
+  grpc_httpcli_context_destroy(&g_context);
+  grpc_closure_init(&destroyed, destroy_pollset, &g_pollset);
+  grpc_pollset_shutdown(&exec_ctx, &g_pollset, &destroyed);
+  grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
+  grpc_shutdown();
+
+  gpr_subprocess_destroy(server);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/core/httpcli/test_server.py b/test/core/httpcli/test_server.py
index 4aaf5e30f8dbfbc9e61edff003284045e65d2279..225c2a6b0fcb0183e50f47a26f273721f8ef48f3 100755
--- a/test/core/httpcli/test_server.py
+++ b/test/core/httpcli/test_server.py
@@ -4,9 +4,18 @@
 
 import argparse
 import BaseHTTPServer
+import os
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+_PEM = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]), '../../..', 'src/core/tsi/test_creds/server1.pem'))
+_KEY = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]), '../../..', 'src/core/tsi/test_creds/server1.key'))
+print _PEM
+open(_PEM).close()
 
 argp = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Server for httpcli_test')
 argp.add_argument('-p', '--port', default=10080, type=int)
+argp.add_argument('-s', '--ssl', default=False, action='store_true')
 args = argp.parse_args()
 
 print 'server running on port %d' % args.port
@@ -28,4 +37,7 @@ class Handler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
 		if self.path == '/post' and content == 'hello':
 			self.good()
 
-BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('', args.port), Handler).serve_forever()
+httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('localhost', args.port), Handler)
+if args.ssl:
+	httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile=_PEM, keyfile=_KEY, server_side=True)
+httpd.serve_forever()
diff --git a/test/core/security/credentials_test.c b/test/core/security/credentials_test.c
index d6febf586ea9bd52235ffe9b3e17520596f4b6c9..5eb6118057571efc913ac5bd06602dece4c73e07 100644
--- a/test/core/security/credentials_test.c
+++ b/test/core/security/credentials_test.c
@@ -1096,6 +1096,7 @@ static void test_get_well_known_google_credentials_file_path(void) {
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   grpc_test_init(argc, argv);
+  grpc_init();
   test_empty_md_store();
   test_ref_unref_empty_md_store();
   test_add_to_empty_md_store();
@@ -1126,5 +1127,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   test_metadata_plugin_success();
   test_metadata_plugin_failure();
   test_get_well_known_google_credentials_file_path();
+  grpc_shutdown();
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test/core/support/cmdline_test.c b/test/core/support/cmdline_test.c
index 1c77c152334ea3411c8d2ff6d5d27b2c104ebbf8..4730fcc1b5f428a2fac08bdbe5573a5fae00d502 100644
--- a/test/core/support/cmdline_test.c
+++ b/test/core/support/cmdline_test.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 #include <grpc/support/useful.h>
 #include "test/core/util/test_config.h"
 
-#define LOG_TEST() gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s", __FILE__)
+#define LOG_TEST() gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "test at %s:%d", __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
 static void test_simple_int(void) {
   int x = 1;
@@ -273,6 +273,44 @@ static void test_many(void) {
   gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
 }
 
+static void extra_arg_cb(void *user_data, const char *arg) {
+  int *count = user_data;
+  GPR_ASSERT(arg != NULL);
+  GPR_ASSERT(strlen(arg) == 1);
+  GPR_ASSERT(arg[0] == 'a' + *count);
+  ++*count;
+}
+
+static void test_extra(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+  int count = 0;
+  char *args[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "a", "b", "c"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           &count);
+  gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args), args);
+  GPR_ASSERT(count == 3);
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
+static void test_extra_dashdash(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+  int count = 0;
+  char *args[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "--", "a", "b", "c"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           &count);
+  gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args), args);
+  GPR_ASSERT(count == 3);
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
 static void test_usage(void) {
   gpr_cmdline *cl;
   char *usage;
@@ -281,20 +319,154 @@ static void test_usage(void) {
   int x = 0;
   int flag = 2;
 
+  LOG_TEST();
+
   cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
   gpr_cmdline_add_string(cl, "str", NULL, &str);
   gpr_cmdline_add_int(cl, "x", NULL, &x);
   gpr_cmdline_add_flag(cl, "flag", NULL, &flag);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           NULL);
 
   usage = gpr_cmdline_usage_string(cl, "test");
-  GPR_ASSERT(
-      0 == strcmp(usage,
-                  "Usage: test [--str=string] [--x=int] [--flag|--no-flag]\n"));
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == strcmp(usage,
+                         "Usage: test [--str=string] [--x=int] "
+                         "[--flag|--no-flag] [file...]\n"));
+  gpr_free(usage);
+
+  usage = gpr_cmdline_usage_string(cl, "/foo/test");
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == strcmp(usage,
+                         "Usage: test [--str=string] [--x=int] "
+                         "[--flag|--no-flag] [file...]\n"));
   gpr_free(usage);
 
   gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
 }
 
+static void test_help(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+
+  char *str = NULL;
+  int x = 0;
+  int flag = 2;
+
+  char *help[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "-h"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(cl);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_string(cl, "str", NULL, &str);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_int(cl, "x", NULL, &x);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_flag(cl, "flag", NULL, &flag);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           NULL);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(help), help));
+
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
+static void test_badargs1(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+
+  char *str = NULL;
+  int x = 0;
+  int flag = 2;
+
+  char *bad_arg_name[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "--y"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(cl);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_string(cl, "str", NULL, &str);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_int(cl, "x", NULL, &x);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_flag(cl, "flag", NULL, &flag);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           NULL);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 ==
+             gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(bad_arg_name), bad_arg_name));
+
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
+static void test_badargs2(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+
+  char *str = NULL;
+  int x = 0;
+  int flag = 2;
+
+  char *bad_int_value[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "--x", "henry"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(cl);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_string(cl, "str", NULL, &str);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_int(cl, "x", NULL, &x);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_flag(cl, "flag", NULL, &flag);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           NULL);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(
+      0 == gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(bad_int_value), bad_int_value));
+
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
+static void test_badargs3(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+
+  char *str = NULL;
+  int x = 0;
+  int flag = 2;
+
+  char *bad_bool_value[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "--flag=henry"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(cl);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_string(cl, "str", NULL, &str);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_int(cl, "x", NULL, &x);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_flag(cl, "flag", NULL, &flag);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           NULL);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(bad_bool_value),
+                                    bad_bool_value));
+
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
+static void test_badargs4(void) {
+  gpr_cmdline *cl;
+
+  char *str = NULL;
+  int x = 0;
+  int flag = 2;
+
+  char *bad_bool_value[] = {(char *)__FILE__, "--no-str"};
+
+  LOG_TEST();
+
+  cl = gpr_cmdline_create(NULL);
+  gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure(cl);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_string(cl, "str", NULL, &str);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_int(cl, "x", NULL, &x);
+  gpr_cmdline_add_flag(cl, "flag", NULL, &flag);
+  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg(cl, "file", "filenames to process", extra_arg_cb,
+                           NULL);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(0 == gpr_cmdline_parse(cl, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(bad_bool_value),
+                                    bad_bool_value));
+
+  gpr_cmdline_destroy(cl);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   grpc_test_init(argc, argv);
   test_simple_int();
@@ -312,6 +484,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   test_flag_val_true();
   test_flag_val_false();
   test_many();
+  test_extra();
+  test_extra_dashdash();
   test_usage();
+  test_help();
+  test_badargs1();
+  test_badargs2();
+  test_badargs3();
+  test_badargs4();
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c b/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c
index 0d29bea5559aaa8011a3b0c61b7024dcfcaffe97..fd57dd02f915b086af2f8b3668d0577dbe3d3bcf 100644
--- a/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c
+++ b/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
-#include "test/core/end2end/cq_verifier.h"
-#include "test/core/util/test_config.h"
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include "test/core/end2end/cq_verifier.h"
+#include "test/core/util/test_config.h"
 
 static void *tag(gpr_intptr x) { return (void *)x; }
 
@@ -47,21 +48,25 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   cq_verifier *cqv;
   grpc_op ops[6];
   grpc_op *op;
+  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv;
   grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv;
   grpc_status_code status;
   grpc_call_error error;
   char *details = NULL;
   size_t details_capacity = 0;
+  char *peer;
 
   grpc_test_init(argc, argv);
   grpc_init();
 
+  grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv);
 
   chan = grpc_lame_client_channel_create(
       "lampoon:national", GRPC_STATUS_UNKNOWN, "Rpc sent on a lame channel.");
   GPR_ASSERT(chan);
   cq = grpc_completion_queue_create(NULL);
+
   call = grpc_channel_create_call(chan, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, cq,
                                   "/Foo", "anywhere",
                                   GRPC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS_TO_DEADLINE(100), NULL);
@@ -74,6 +79,19 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   op->flags = 0;
   op->reserved = NULL;
   op++;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
+  op->data.recv_initial_metadata = &initial_metadata_recv;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = NULL;
+  op++;
+  error = grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops, (size_t)(op - ops), tag(1), NULL);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == error);
+
+  /* the call should immediately fail */
+  cq_expect_completion(cqv, tag(1), 0);
+  cq_verify(cqv);
+
+  op = ops;
   op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
   op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv;
   op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status;
@@ -82,18 +100,23 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   op->flags = 0;
   op->reserved = NULL;
   op++;
-  error = grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops, (size_t)(op - ops), tag(1), NULL);
+  error = grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops, (size_t)(op - ops), tag(2), NULL);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == error);
 
   /* the call should immediately fail */
-  cq_expect_completion(cqv, tag(1), 1);
+  cq_expect_completion(cqv, tag(2), 1);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
+  peer = grpc_call_get_peer(call);
+  GPR_ASSERT(strcmp(peer, "lampoon:national") == 0);
+  gpr_free(peer);
+
   grpc_call_destroy(call);
   grpc_channel_destroy(chan);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
 
+  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
   gpr_free(details);
 
diff --git a/test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.c b/test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec7df6f0e3dd15c14c96b9f6ed874ce4279bfe13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include "test/core/util/test_config.h"
+
+void test_unparsable_target(void) {
+  int port = grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port(NULL, "[");
+  GPR_ASSERT(port == 0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  grpc_test_init(argc, argv);
+  grpc_init();
+  test_unparsable_target();
+  grpc_shutdown();
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/codegen/core/gen_legal_metadata_characters.c b/tools/codegen/core/gen_legal_metadata_characters.c
index 677fa5c15569a842731af80a1dc9c5e78d76a664..c6658f46c66a65697102b9fd5db172139e692841 100644
--- a/tools/codegen/core/gen_legal_metadata_characters.c
+++ b/tools/codegen/core/gen_legal_metadata_characters.c
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ int main(void) {
 
   clear();
   for (i = 32; i <= 126; i++) {
-    if (i == ',') continue;
     legal(i);
   }
   dump();
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/interop_html_report.template b/tools/run_tests/interop_html_report.template
index 1ba2e6cfc22f484142d45d4bf1b3a0a83bf065f1..c01bdf7a7781ffc8efc4177c4b924449b46d62bf 100644
--- a/tools/run_tests/interop_html_report.template
+++ b/tools/run_tests/interop_html_report.template
@@ -40,6 +40,26 @@
   % endif
 </%def>
 
+<%def name="fill_one_http2_test_result(shortname, resultset)">
+    ## keep this mostly in sync with the template above
+  % if shortname in resultset:
+    ## Because interop tests does not have runs_per_test flag, each test is 
+    ## run once. So there should only be one element for each result.
+    <% result = resultset[shortname][0] %>
+    <td bgcolor="white">
+      <div style="width:95%; border: 1px solid black; position: relative; padding: 3px;">
+        <span style="position: absolute; left: 45%;">${int(result.http2results['percent'] * 100)}&#37;</span>
+        <div style="height: 20px; 
+          background-color: hsl(${result.http2results['percent'] * 120}, 100%, 50%); 
+          width: ${result.http2results['percent'] * 100}%;"
+          title="${result.http2results['failed_cases'] | h}"></div>
+      </div>
+    </td>
+  % else:
+     <td bgcolor="magenta">Not implemented</td>
+  % endif
+</%def>
+
 % if num_failures > 1:
   <p><h2><font color="red">${num_failures} tests failed!</font></h2></p>
 % elif num_failures:
@@ -95,11 +115,11 @@
         shortname = 'cloud_to_cloud:http2:%s_server:%s' % (
             server_lang, test_case)
       %>
-      ${fill_one_test_result(shortname, resultset)}
+      ${fill_one_http2_test_result(shortname, resultset)}
     % endfor
     % if cloud_to_prod:
       <% shortname = 'cloud_to_prod:http2:%s' % test_case %>
-      ${fill_one_test_result(shortname, resultset)}
+      ${fill_one_http2_test_result(shortname, resultset)}
     % endif
     </tr>
   % endfor
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/jobset.py b/tools/run_tests/jobset.py
index 01739be27c96b966285d40f5bb755cb63b84ec15..fdbddf82ee29e3accb0807bba2f8334603b885b2 100755
--- a/tools/run_tests/jobset.py
+++ b/tools/run_tests/jobset.py
@@ -317,9 +317,13 @@ class Jobset(object):
     self._hashes = {}
     self._add_env = add_env
     self.resultset = {}
-    
+    self._remaining = None
+
+  def set_remaining(self, remaining):
+    self._remaining = remaining
+
   def get_num_failures(self):
-    return self._failures  
+    return self._failures
 
   def start(self, spec):
     """Start a job. Return True on success, False on failure."""
@@ -372,8 +376,9 @@ class Jobset(object):
         self._running.remove(job)
       if dead: return
       if (not self._travis):
-        message('WAITING', '%d jobs running, %d complete, %d failed' % (
-            len(self._running), self._completed, self._failures))
+        rstr = '' if self._remaining is None else '%d queued, ' % self._remaining
+        message('WAITING', '%s%d jobs running, %d complete, %d failed' % (
+            rstr, len(self._running), self._completed, self._failures))
       if platform_string() == 'windows':
         time.sleep(0.1)
       else:
@@ -412,6 +417,17 @@ class NoCache(object):
     pass
 
 
+def tag_remaining(xs):
+  staging = []
+  for x in xs:
+    staging.append(x)
+    if len(staging) > 1000:
+      yield (staging.pop(0), None)
+  n = len(staging)
+  for i, x in enumerate(staging):
+    yield (x, n - i - 1)
+
+
 def run(cmdlines,
         check_cancelled=_never_cancelled,
         maxjobs=None,
@@ -425,8 +441,11 @@ def run(cmdlines,
               maxjobs if maxjobs is not None else _DEFAULT_MAX_JOBS,
               newline_on_success, travis, stop_on_failure, add_env,
               cache if cache is not None else NoCache())
-  for cmdline in cmdlines:
+  for cmdline, remaining in tag_remaining(cmdlines):
     if not js.start(cmdline):
       break
-  js.finish()  
+    if remaining is not None:
+      js.set_remaining(remaining)
+  js.finish()
   return js.get_num_failures(), js.resultset
+
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/report_utils.py b/tools/run_tests/report_utils.py
index 12b1972f1af1ebd4e7166a2047f16301b15336b3..35f2069beea7cbea4268bda5d3ad6a89993febac 100644
--- a/tools/run_tests/report_utils.py
+++ b/tools/run_tests/report_utils.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 try:
   from mako.runtime import Context
   from mako.template import Template
+  from mako import exceptions
 except (ImportError):
   pass  # Mako not installed but it is ok. 
 import os
@@ -103,9 +104,15 @@ def render_interop_html_report(
           'num_failures': num_failures,
           'cloud_to_prod': cloud_to_prod,
           'http2_interop': http2_interop}
+
   html_report_out_dir = 'reports' 
   if not os.path.exists(html_report_out_dir):
     os.mkdir(html_report_out_dir) 
   html_file_path = os.path.join(html_report_out_dir, 'index.html')
-  with open(html_file_path, 'w') as output_file:
-    mytemplate.render_context(Context(output_file, **args))
+  try:
+    with open(html_file_path, 'w') as output_file:
+      mytemplate.render_context(Context(output_file, **args))
+  except:
+    print(exceptions.text_error_template().render())
+    raise
+
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/run_interop_tests.py b/tools/run_tests/run_interop_tests.py
index 763ff5615c2dfa1dfe2dda93e922d60991737e84..7a09feb70d2f2b6916683a8aa1a03b3924d8d40c 100755
--- a/tools/run_tests/run_interop_tests.py
+++ b/tools/run_tests/run_interop_tests.py
@@ -31,17 +31,24 @@
 """Run interop (cross-language) tests in parallel."""
 
 import argparse
+import atexit
 import dockerjob
 import itertools
 import jobset
+import json
 import multiprocessing
 import os
+import re
 import report_utils
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
 import uuid
 
+# Docker doesn't clean up after itself, so we do it on exit.
+atexit.register(lambda: subprocess.call(['stty', 'echo']))
+
 ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]), '../..'))
 os.chdir(ROOT)
 
@@ -549,6 +556,33 @@ def build_interop_image_jobspec(language, tag=None):
   return build_job
 
 
+def aggregate_http2_results(stdout):
+  match = re.search(r'\{"cases[^\]]*\]\}', stdout)
+  if not match:
+    return None
+    
+  results = json.loads(match.group(0))
+  skipped = 0
+  passed = 0
+  failed = 0
+  failed_cases = []
+  for case in results['cases']:
+    if case.get('skipped', False):
+      skipped += 1
+    else:
+      if case.get('passed', False):
+        passed += 1
+      else:
+        failed += 1
+        failed_cases.append(case.get('name', "NONAME"))
+  return {
+    'passed': passed,
+    'failed': failed,
+    'skipped': skipped,
+    'failed_cases': ', '.join(failed_cases),
+    'percent': 1.0 * passed / (passed + failed)
+  }
+
 argp = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run interop tests.')
 argp.add_argument('-l', '--language',
                   choices=['all'] + sorted(_LANGUAGES),
@@ -676,9 +710,7 @@ try:
                                              docker_image=docker_images.get(str(language)))
             jobs.append(test_job)
 
-    # TODO(carl-mastrangelo): Currently prod TLS terminators aren't spec compliant. Reenable
-    # this once a better solution is in place.
-    if args.http2_interop and False:
+    if args.http2_interop:
       for test_case in _HTTP2_TEST_CASES:
         test_job = cloud_to_prod_jobspec(http2Interop, test_case,
                                          docker_image=docker_images.get(str(http2Interop)))
@@ -745,6 +777,10 @@ try:
 
   report_utils.render_junit_xml_report(resultset, 'report.xml')
 
+  for name, job in resultset.iteritems():
+    if "http2" in name:
+      job[0].http2results = aggregate_http2_results(job[0].message)
+
   report_utils.render_interop_html_report(
       set([str(l) for l in languages]), servers, _TEST_CASES, _AUTH_TEST_CASES, 
       _HTTP2_TEST_CASES, resultset, num_failures,
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/run_tests.py b/tools/run_tests/run_tests.py
index e3df912480389b105eaaef8e4c53f25e0125df6c..006f4bcdf1f4bd2d3872165dd48ef6a60afc3add 100755
--- a/tools/run_tests/run_tests.py
+++ b/tools/run_tests/run_tests.py
@@ -152,7 +152,10 @@ class CLanguage(object):
       else:
         binary = 'bins/%s/%s' % (config.build_config, target['name'])
       if os.path.isfile(binary):
-        out.append(config.job_spec([binary], [binary]))
+        out.append(config.job_spec([binary], [binary],
+                                   environ={'GRPC_DEFAULT_SSL_ROOTS_FILE_PATH':
+                                            os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(
+                                                sys.argv[0]) + '/../../src/core/tsi/test_creds/ca.pem')}))
       elif args.regex == '.*' or platform_string() == 'windows':
         print '\nWARNING: binary not found, skipping', binary
     return sorted(out)
@@ -192,6 +195,7 @@ class CLanguage(object):
   def __str__(self):
     return self.make_target
 
+
 class NodeLanguage(object):
 
   def test_specs(self, config, args):
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/sources_and_headers.json b/tools/run_tests/sources_and_headers.json
index 18113ac7b9f18d9d275c940402ea2c9de6865037..e6fce456a8a67dad2099a255ffadee7ede8aa027 100644
--- a/tools/run_tests/sources_and_headers.json
+++ b/tools/run_tests/sources_and_headers.json
@@ -742,6 +742,20 @@
       "test/core/httpcli/httpcli_test.c"
     ]
   }, 
+  {
+    "deps": [
+      "gpr", 
+      "gpr_test_util", 
+      "grpc", 
+      "grpc_test_util"
+    ], 
+    "headers": [], 
+    "language": "c", 
+    "name": "httpscli_test", 
+    "src": [
+      "test/core/httpcli/httpscli_test.c"
+    ]
+  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "gpr", 
@@ -934,6 +948,20 @@
       "test/core/security/secure_endpoint_test.c"
     ]
   }, 
+  {
+    "deps": [
+      "gpr", 
+      "gpr_test_util", 
+      "grpc", 
+      "grpc_test_util"
+    ], 
+    "headers": [], 
+    "language": "c", 
+    "name": "server_chttp2_test", 
+    "src": [
+      "test/core/surface/server_chttp2_test.c"
+    ]
+  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "gpr", 
@@ -8517,21 +8545,6 @@
     "name": "h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_test", 
     "src": []
   }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_certs", 
-      "end2end_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_test_channel_connectivity", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc", 
-      "grpc_test_util"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "end2end_certs", 
@@ -8547,36 +8560,6 @@
     "name": "h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test", 
     "src": []
   }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_certs", 
-      "end2end_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_test_default_host", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc", 
-      "grpc_test_util"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_default_host_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_certs", 
-      "end2end_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_test_disappearing_server", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc", 
-      "grpc_test_util"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "end2end_certs", 
@@ -8862,21 +8845,6 @@
     "name": "h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_test", 
     "src": []
   }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_certs", 
-      "end2end_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_test_simple_delayed_request", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc", 
-      "grpc_test_util"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "end2end_certs", 
@@ -13595,20 +13563,6 @@
     "name": "h2_uchannel_cancel_with_status_nosec_test", 
     "src": []
   }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_nosec_test_channel_connectivity", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc_test_util_unsecure", 
-      "grpc_unsecure"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
@@ -13623,34 +13577,6 @@
     "name": "h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test", 
     "src": []
   }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_nosec_test_default_host", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc_test_util_unsecure", 
-      "grpc_unsecure"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_nosec_test_disappearing_server", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc_test_util_unsecure", 
-      "grpc_unsecure"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
@@ -13917,20 +13843,6 @@
     "name": "h2_uchannel_shutdown_finishes_tags_nosec_test", 
     "src": []
   }, 
-  {
-    "deps": [
-      "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
-      "end2end_nosec_test_simple_delayed_request", 
-      "gpr", 
-      "gpr_test_util", 
-      "grpc_test_util_unsecure", 
-      "grpc_unsecure"
-    ], 
-    "headers": [], 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test", 
-    "src": []
-  }, 
   {
     "deps": [
       "end2end_nosec_fixture_h2_uchannel", 
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/tests.json b/tools/run_tests/tests.json
index c3eace76bc7fde7476401368dedf3e8733dbcecf..2d043df6ffe17801f8d2bddaa843aca47d8674e7 100644
--- a/tools/run_tests/tests.json
+++ b/tools/run_tests/tests.json
@@ -851,6 +851,18 @@
       "posix"
     ]
   }, 
+  {
+    "ci_platforms": [
+      "linux"
+    ], 
+    "exclude_configs": [], 
+    "flaky": false, 
+    "language": "c", 
+    "name": "httpscli_test", 
+    "platforms": [
+      "linux"
+    ]
+  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -1067,6 +1079,24 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
+  {
+    "ci_platforms": [
+      "linux", 
+      "mac", 
+      "posix", 
+      "windows"
+    ], 
+    "exclude_configs": [], 
+    "flaky": false, 
+    "language": "c", 
+    "name": "server_chttp2_test", 
+    "platforms": [
+      "linux", 
+      "mac", 
+      "posix", 
+      "windows"
+    ]
+  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -9119,24 +9149,6 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -9155,42 +9167,6 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_default_host_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -9533,24 +9509,6 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -14962,24 +14920,6 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -14998,42 +14938,6 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
@@ -15376,24 +15280,6 @@
       "windows"
     ]
   }, 
-  {
-    "ci_platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ], 
-    "exclude_configs": [], 
-    "flaky": false, 
-    "language": "c", 
-    "name": "h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test", 
-    "platforms": [
-      "linux", 
-      "mac", 
-      "posix", 
-      "windows"
-    ]
-  }, 
   {
     "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
diff --git a/vsprojects/buildtests_c.sln b/vsprojects/buildtests_c.sln
index 76278b9703fbb5e9a4cba804ee57989dfadd6351..2169db372030fa87d9ae979d6228aa0081a796cf 100644
--- a/vsprojects/buildtests_c.sln
+++ b/vsprojects/buildtests_c.sln
@@ -1769,6 +1769,17 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "secure_endpoint_test", "vcx
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "server_chttp2_test", "vcxproj\test\server_chttp2_test\server_chttp2_test.vcxproj", "{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}"
+	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
+        	lib = "False"
+	EndProjectSection
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B} = {17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B}
+		{29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9} = {29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9}
+		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
+		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "set_initial_connect_string_test", "vcxproj\test\set_initial_connect_string_test\set_initial_connect_string_test.vcxproj", "{4A48E5A5-2E69-ED6D-063C-C297180A54D0}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -7074,20 +7085,6 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_cancel_with_sta
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test\h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_test.vcxproj", "{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A} = {CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A}
-		{F278BE8B-2193-EF53-D97C-83653D70F181} = {F278BE8B-2193-EF53-D97C-83653D70F181}
-		{80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B} = {80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B}
-		{17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B} = {17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B}
-		{29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9} = {29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test\h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_test.vcxproj", "{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -7102,34 +7099,6 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_compressed_payl
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_default_host_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_default_host_test\h2_uchannel_default_host_test.vcxproj", "{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A} = {CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A}
-		{AD4F70A8-9D60-52C3-8229-71EC6D08B034} = {AD4F70A8-9D60-52C3-8229-71EC6D08B034}
-		{80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B} = {80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B}
-		{17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B} = {17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B}
-		{29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9} = {29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test\h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_test.vcxproj", "{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A} = {CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A}
-		{73813A42-BD6E-4EB6-F246-ED8B0E206F9D} = {73813A42-BD6E-4EB6-F246-ED8B0E206F9D}
-		{80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B} = {80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B}
-		{17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B} = {17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B}
-		{29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9} = {29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test\h2_uchannel_empty_batch_test.vcxproj", "{001E89C3-317F-325A-D10D-ED5055B13C17}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -7396,20 +7365,6 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_shutdown_finish
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test\h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_test.vcxproj", "{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A} = {CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A}
-		{48406867-D147-4FF7-4283-65B9F32EF83D} = {48406867-D147-4FF7-4283-65B9F32EF83D}
-		{80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B} = {80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B}
-		{17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B} = {17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B}
-		{29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9} = {29D16885-7228-4C31-81ED-5F9187C7F2A9}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_simple_request_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_simple_request_test\h2_uchannel_simple_request_test.vcxproj", "{E4B00FAA-7A3C-7F7F-83FD-B58C0E706AED}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -10402,19 +10357,6 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_cancel_with_sta
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_channel_connectivity_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB} = {6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB}
-		{D1F15DFE-14B5-78DB-4EC3-417727457273} = {D1F15DFE-14B5-78DB-4EC3-417727457273}
-		{0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF} = {0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF}
-		{46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5} = {46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_compressed_payload_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{D6FBB104-5E2A-7667-6F3C-AB576D093DC4}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -10428,32 +10370,6 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_compressed_payl
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_default_host_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{D46F6F0D-576C-5B15-010E-53BE17AFF25E}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB} = {6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB}
-		{EAD35938-4D82-EEA2-4B69-E827E6373A28} = {EAD35938-4D82-EEA2-4B69-E827E6373A28}
-		{0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF} = {0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF}
-		{46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5} = {46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_disappearing_server_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{F556E6B4-2533-8F01-1BC8-1ADA17D18928}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB} = {6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB}
-		{35E47DEE-BA21-54D1-0A3E-6679C95C48F8} = {35E47DEE-BA21-54D1-0A3E-6679C95C48F8}
-		{0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF} = {0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF}
-		{46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5} = {46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_empty_batch_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{C02931DF-A1B5-6418-E436-4D6AB4C0258F}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -10701,19 +10617,6 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_shutdown_finish
 		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_simple_delayed_request_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{E1F27F66-E3A7-2E99-B76A-970E6DD66C36}"
-	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
-        	lib = "False"
-	EndProjectSection
-	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
-		{6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB} = {6DF096AD-5865-3035-B7AE-5019FAC19EEB}
-		{728FF02D-10A1-2AFC-6DC7-60F9D4AE68C3} = {728FF02D-10A1-2AFC-6DC7-60F9D4AE68C3}
-		{0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF} = {0A7E7F92-FDEA-40F1-A9EC-3BA484F98BBF}
-		{46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5} = {46CEDFFF-9692-456A-AA24-38B5D6BCF4C5}
-		{EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037} = {EAB0A629-17A9-44DB-B5FF-E91A721FE037}
-		{B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792} = {B23D3D1A-9438-4EDA-BEB6-9A0A03D17792}
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test", "vcxproj\test\h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test\h2_uchannel_simple_request_nosec_test.vcxproj", "{BA21FD25-5FAB-E2E6-FFCB-AB7F190A4231}"
 	ProjectSection(myProperties) = preProject
         	lib = "False"
@@ -13420,6 +13323,22 @@ Global
 		{A7747106-A6BC-62D4-2A21-04A4F0CC2683}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{A7747106-A6BC-62D4-2A21-04A4F0CC2683}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{A7747106-A6BC-62D4-2A21-04A4F0CC2683}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Debug-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{4A48E5A5-2E69-ED6D-063C-C297180A54D0}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{4A48E5A5-2E69-ED6D-063C-C297180A54D0}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 		{4A48E5A5-2E69-ED6D-063C-C297180A54D0}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
@@ -19516,22 +19435,6 @@ Global
 		{D402353F-6F67-42C9-1B02-93A9230C79FA}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{D402353F-6F67-42C9-1B02-93A9230C79FA}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{D402353F-6F67-42C9-1B02-93A9230C79FA}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Debug-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{22A9730F-7F09-619E-13C0-C04E52B66CA3}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 		{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
@@ -19548,38 +19451,6 @@ Global
 		{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{9F612E82-D93F-F1B8-7C81-74815E60EF30}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Debug-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Debug-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{50D47DA6-0257-8580-FCCE-C193CD9AE2F7}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{001E89C3-317F-325A-D10D-ED5055B13C17}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{001E89C3-317F-325A-D10D-ED5055B13C17}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 		{001E89C3-317F-325A-D10D-ED5055B13C17}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
@@ -19884,22 +19755,6 @@ Global
 		{A43C8463-D0E1-300B-6899-44A84105E59E}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{A43C8463-D0E1-300B-6899-44A84105E59E}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{A43C8463-D0E1-300B-6899-44A84105E59E}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Debug-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{76FF907D-F894-E38B-0C0B-606245E197F9}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{E4B00FAA-7A3C-7F7F-83FD-B58C0E706AED}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{E4B00FAA-7A3C-7F7F-83FD-B58C0E706AED}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 		{E4B00FAA-7A3C-7F7F-83FD-B58C0E706AED}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
@@ -23580,22 +23435,6 @@ Global
 		{05A8D69D-ACCD-D3DD-C0EF-12AD4F70D36A}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{05A8D69D-ACCD-D3DD-C0EF-12AD4F70D36A}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{05A8D69D-ACCD-D3DD-C0EF-12AD4F70D36A}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Debug-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{8EDD7365-8519-D34C-335A-60C3EC8228A2}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{D6FBB104-5E2A-7667-6F3C-AB576D093DC4}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{D6FBB104-5E2A-7667-6F3C-AB576D093DC4}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 		{D6FBB104-5E2A-7667-6F3C-AB576D093DC4}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
@@ -23612,38 +23451,6 @@ Global
 		{D6FBB104-5E2A-7667-6F3C-AB576D093DC4}.Release-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
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 		{D6FBB104-5E2A-7667-6F3C-AB576D093DC4}.Release-DLL|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{D46F6F0D-576C-5B15-010E-53BE17AFF25E}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
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-		{D46F6F0D-576C-5B15-010E-53BE17AFF25E}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{D46F6F0D-576C-5B15-010E-53BE17AFF25E}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
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-		{F556E6B4-2533-8F01-1BC8-1ADA17D18928}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
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-		{F556E6B4-2533-8F01-1BC8-1ADA17D18928}.Debug-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{F556E6B4-2533-8F01-1BC8-1ADA17D18928}.Debug-DLL|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{F556E6B4-2533-8F01-1BC8-1ADA17D18928}.Debug-DLL|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
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-		{F556E6B4-2533-8F01-1BC8-1ADA17D18928}.Release-DLL|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
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-</Project>
-
diff --git a/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/h2_uchannel_default_host_test/h2_uchannel_default_host_test.vcxproj b/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/server_chttp2_test/server_chttp2_test.vcxproj
similarity index 92%
rename from vsprojects/vcxproj/test/h2_uchannel_default_host_test/h2_uchannel_default_host_test.vcxproj
rename to vsprojects/vcxproj/test/server_chttp2_test/server_chttp2_test.vcxproj
index f1ce26624ae90075b5412bc0af7937dddc3887fe..eea4c96834468393e2d1721c8bf9dcc6d32f7d67 100644
--- a/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/h2_uchannel_default_host_test/h2_uchannel_default_host_test.vcxproj
+++ b/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/server_chttp2_test/server_chttp2_test.vcxproj
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     </ProjectConfiguration>
   </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
-    <ProjectGuid>{56745EF7-1739-0B07-30D1-24975F6AC1A6}</ProjectGuid>
+    <ProjectGuid>{BF9F909B-8266-6AAC-A81B-05F8210AA8CA}</ProjectGuid>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '10.0'" Label="Configuration">
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@
   </ImportGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
-    <TargetName>h2_uchannel_default_host_test</TargetName>
+    <TargetName>server_chttp2_test</TargetName>
     <Linkage-grpc_dependencies_zlib>static</Linkage-grpc_dependencies_zlib>
     <Configuration-grpc_dependencies_zlib>Debug</Configuration-grpc_dependencies_zlib>
     <Configuration-grpc_dependencies_openssl>Debug</Configuration-grpc_dependencies_openssl>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
-    <TargetName>h2_uchannel_default_host_test</TargetName>
+    <TargetName>server_chttp2_test</TargetName>
     <Linkage-grpc_dependencies_zlib>static</Linkage-grpc_dependencies_zlib>
     <Configuration-grpc_dependencies_zlib>Debug</Configuration-grpc_dependencies_zlib>
     <Configuration-grpc_dependencies_openssl>Debug</Configuration-grpc_dependencies_openssl>
@@ -143,19 +143,10 @@
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\vsprojects\dummy.c">
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\test\core\surface\server_chttp2_test.c">
     </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\vsprojects\vcxproj\test\end2end_fixture_h2_uchannel\end2end_fixture_h2_uchannel.vcxproj">
-      <Project>{CE17F95F-4FD3-41C3-E1B9-9B85F1FE7D4A}</Project>
-    </ProjectReference>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\vsprojects\vcxproj\test\end2end_test_default_host\end2end_test_default_host.vcxproj">
-      <Project>{AD4F70A8-9D60-52C3-8229-71EC6D08B034}</Project>
-    </ProjectReference>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\vsprojects\vcxproj\test\end2end_certs\end2end_certs.vcxproj">
-      <Project>{80EA2691-C037-6DD3-D3AB-21510BF0E64B}</Project>
-    </ProjectReference>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\vsprojects\vcxproj\.\grpc_test_util\grpc_test_util.vcxproj">
       <Project>{17BCAFC0-5FDC-4C94-AEB9-95F3E220614B}</Project>
     </ProjectReference>
diff --git a/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/server_chttp2_test/server_chttp2_test.vcxproj.filters b/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/server_chttp2_test/server_chttp2_test.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cdc9c6b48c6acdee773dde51c18341adaf89e306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vsprojects/vcxproj/test/server_chttp2_test/server_chttp2_test.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\..\test\core\surface\server_chttp2_test.c">
+      <Filter>test\core\surface</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="test">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{95a6b4b6-b1fb-3c20-945d-ec3dbde1b334}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="test\core">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{c0e66b85-9758-a554-2a83-be1a4ee1e27e}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="test\core\surface">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{621e8242-2bcf-70e0-9db0-2c27907e925c}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
+