Cleaning up error handling

src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.c

src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h

src/core/lib/channel/deadline_filter.c

src/core/lib/channel/message_size_filter.c

src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c

src/core/lib/surface/call.c

src/core/lib/transport/transport.c

src/core/lib/transport/transport.h

test/core/end2end/tests/filter_causes_close.c