Merge pull request #8667 from wenbozhu/master

Create PROTOCOL-WEB.md

doc/PROTOCOL-WEB.md

+# Overview
+
+gRPC-Web provides a JS client library that supports the same API
+as gRPC-Node to access a gRPC service. Due to browser limitation,
+the Web client library implements a different protocol than the
+[native gRPC protocol](http://www.grpc.io/docs/guides/wire.html).
+This protocol is designed to make it easy for a proxy to translate
+between the protocols as this is the most likely deployment model.
+
+This document lists the differences between the two protocols.
+To help tracking future revisions, this document describes a delta
+with the protocol details specified in the
+[native gRPC protocol](http://www.grpc.io/docs/guides/wire.html).
+
+# Design goals
+
+For the gRPC-Web protocol, we have decided on the following design goals:
+
+* adopt the same framing as “application/grpc” whenever possible
+* decouple from HTTP/2 framing which is not, and will never, be directly
+exposed by browsers
+* support text streams (e.g. base64) in order to provide cross-browser
+support (e.g. IE-10)
+
+While the new protocol will be published/reviewed publicly, we also
+intend to keep the protocol as an internal detail to gRPC-Web.
+More specifically, we expect the protocol to
+
+* evolve over time, mainly to optimize for browser clients or support
+web-specific features such as CORS, XSRF
+* become optional (in 1-2 years) when browsers are able to speak the native
+gRPC protocol via the new [whatwg fetch/streams API](https://github.com/whatwg/fetch)
+
+# Protocol differences vs [gRPC over HTTP2](http://www.grpc.io/docs/guides/wire.html)
+
+Content-Type
+
+1. application/grpc-web
+  * e.g. application/grpc-web+[proto, json, thrift]
+2. application/grpc-web-text
+  * text-encoded streams of “application/grpc-web”
+
+---
+
+HTTP wire protocols
+
+1. support any HTTP/*, with no dependency on HTTP/2 specific framing
+2. use lower-case header/trailer names
+3. use EOF (end of body) to close the stream
+
+---
+
+HTTP/2 related behavior (specified in [gRPC over HTTP2](http://www.grpc.io/docs/guides/wire.html))
+
+1. stream-id is not supported or used
+2. go-away is not supported or used
+
+---
+
+Message framing (vs. [http2-transport-mapping](http://www.grpc.io/docs/guides/wire.html#http2-transport-mapping))
+
+1. Response status encoded as part of the response body
+  * Key-value pairs formatted as HTTP/1.1 headers block (without the empty
+  newline \r\n to terminate the block)
+2. 8th (MSB) bit of the 1st gRPC frame byte
+  * 0: data
+  * 1: trailers
+3. Trailers must be the last message of the response, as enforced
+by the implementation
+4. Trailers-only responses: no change to the gRPC protocol spec.
+Trailers will be sent together with response headers, with no message
+in the body.
+
+---
+
+User Agent
+
+* grpc-web-javascript/0.1
+
+---
+
+Text-encoded (response) streams
+
+1. The client library should indicate to the server via the "Accept" header that
+the response stream needs to be text encoded e.g. when XHR is used or due
+to security policies with XHR
+  * Accept: application/grpc-web-text
+2. The default text encoding is base64
+  * Text encoding may be specified with Content-Type or Accept headers as
+      * application/grpc-web-text-base64
+  * Note that “Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64” should not be used.
+  Due to in-stream base64 padding when delimiting messages, the entire
+  response body is not necessarily a valid base64-encoded entity
+  * While the server runtime will always base64-encode and flush gRPC messages
+  atomically the client library should not assume base64 padding always
+  happens at the boundary of message frames.
+3. For binary trailers, when the content-type is set to
+application/grpc-web-text, the extra base64 encoding specified
+in [gRPC over HTTP2](http://www.grpc.io/docs/guides/wire.html)
+for binary custom metadata is skipped.
+
+# Other features
+
+Compression
+
+* Full-body compression is supported and expected for all unary
+requests/responses. The compression/decompression will be done
+by browsers, using standard Content-Encoding headers
+  * “grpc-encoding” header is not used
+  * SDCH, Brotli will be supported
+* Message-level compression for streamed requests/responses is not supported
+because manual compression/decompression is prohibitively expensive using JS
+  * Per-message compression may be feasible in future with wasm
+
+---
+
+Retries, caching
+
+* Will spec out the support after their respective gRPC spec extensions
+are finalized
+  * Safe retries: PUT
+  * Caching: header encoded request and/or a web specific spec
+
+---
+
+Security
+
+* XSRF, XSS etc to be specified
+
+---
+
+CORS preflight
+
+* The client library may support header overwrites to avoid preflight
+  * https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/issues/210
+* CSP support to be specified
+
+---
+
+Keep-alive
+
+* HTTP/2 PING is not supported or used
+* Will not support send-beacon (GET)
+
+---
+
+Bidi-streaming, with flow-control
+
+* Pending on [whatwg fetch/streams](https://github.com/whatwg/fetch) to be
+finalized and implemented in modern browsers
+* gRPC-Web client will support the native gRPC protocol with modern browsers